Global Vertical Distribution of Water Vapor on Mars: Results From 3.5 Years of ExoMars-TGO/NOMAD Science Operations.

Autor: Aoki S; Department of Complexity Science and Engineering Graduate School of Frontier Sciences The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan.; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Vandaele AC; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Daerden F; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Villanueva GL; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA., Liuzzi G; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA.; Department of Physics American University Washington DC USA., Clancy RT; Space Science Institute Boulder CO USA., Lopez-Valverde MA; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía Glorieta de la Astronomia Granada Spain., Brines A; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía Glorieta de la Astronomia Granada Spain., Thomas IR; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Trompet L; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Erwin JT; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Neary L; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Robert S; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium.; Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium., Piccialli A; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Holmes JA; School of Physical Sciences The Open University Milton Keynes UK., Patel MR; School of Physical Sciences The Open University Milton Keynes UK., Yoshida N; Tohoku University Sendai Japan., Whiteway J; Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science York University Toronto ON Canada., Smith MD; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD USA., Ristic B; Royal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy Brussels Belgium., Bellucci G; Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica Rome Italy., Lopez-Moreno JJ; Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía Glorieta de la Astronomia Granada Spain., Fedorova AA; Space Research Institute (IKI) Moscow Russia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of geophysical research. Planets [J Geophys Res Planets] 2022 Sep; Vol. 127 (9), pp. e2022JE007231. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 26.
DOI: 10.1029/2022JE007231
Abstrakt: We present water vapor vertical distributions on Mars retrieved from 3.5 years of solar occultation measurements by Nadir and Occultation for Mars Discovery onboard the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter, which reveal a strong contrast between aphelion and perihelion water climates. In equinox periods, most of water vapor is confined into the low-middle latitudes. In aphelion periods, water vapor sublimated from the northern polar cap is confined into very low altitudes-water vapor mixing ratios observed at the 0-5 km lower boundary of measurement decrease by an order of magnitude at the approximate altitudes of 15 and 30 km for the latitudes higher than 50°N and 30-50°N, respectively. The vertical confinement of water vapor at northern middle latitudes around aphelion is more pronounced in the morning terminators than evening, perhaps controlled by the diurnal cycle of cloud formation. Water vapor is also observed over the low latitude regions in the aphelion southern hemisphere (0-30°S) mostly below 10-20 km, which suggests north-south transport of water still occurs. In perihelion periods, water vapor sublimated from the southern polar cap directly reaches high altitudes (>80 km) over high southern latitudes, suggesting more effective transport by the meridional circulation without condensation. We show that heating during perihelion, sporadic global dust storms, and regional dust storms occurring annually around 330° of solar longitude ( L S ) are the main events to supply water vapor to the upper atmosphere above 70 km.
(© 2022. The Authors.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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