Acute health effects of bushfire smoke on mortality in Sydney, Australia.

Autor: Jegasothy E; Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Lismore, NSW, Australia; The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, NSW, Australia. Electronic address: edward.jegasothy@sydney.edu.au., Hanigan IC; The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, NSW, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health Impact Assessment, School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia., Van Buskirk J; Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; Sydney Local Health District, NSW Health, Camperdown, NSW, Australia., Morgan GG; Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia; University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Lismore, NSW, Australia; The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, NSW, Australia., Jalaludin B; The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, NSW, Australia; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia., Johnston FH; The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, NSW, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia., Guo Y; The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, NSW, Australia; Climate, Air Quality Research Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia., Broome RA; The Centre for Air Pollution, Energy and Health Research (CAR), Glebe, NSW, Australia; Health Protection NSW, NSW Health, St Leonards, NSW, Australia.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environment international [Environ Int] 2023 Jan; Vol. 171, pp. 107684. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 10.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107684
Abstrakt: Background: Bushfire smoke is a major ongoing environmental hazard in Australia. In the summer of 2019-2020 smoke from an extreme bushfire event exposed large populations to high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) pollution. In this study we aimed to estimate the effect of bushfire-related PM of less than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM 2.5 ) on the risk of mortality in Sydney, Australia from 2010 to 2020.
Methods: We estimated concentrations of PM 2.5 for three subregions of Sydney from measurements at monitoring stations using inverse-distance weighting and cross-referenced extreme days (95th percentile or above) with satellite imagery to determine if bushfire smoke was present. We then used a seasonal and trend decomposition method to estimate the Non-bushfire PM 2.5 concentrations on those days. Daily PM 2.5 concentrations above the Non-bushfire concentrations on bushfire smoke days were deemed to be Bushfire PM 2.5 . We used distributed-lag non-linear models to estimate the effect of Bushfire and Non-bushfire PM 2.5 on daily counts of mortality with sub-analyses by age. These models controlled for seasonal trends in mortality as well as daily temperature, day of week and public holidays.
Results: Within the three subregions, between 110 and 134 days were identified as extreme bushfire smoke days within the subregions of Sydney. Bushfire-related PM 2.5 ranged from 6.3 to 115.4 µg/m 3 . A 0 to 10 µg/m 3 increase in Bushfire PM 2.5 was associated with a 3.2% (95% CI 0.3, 6.2%) increase in risk of all-cause death, cumulatively, in the 3 days following exposure. These effects were present in those aged 65 years and over, while no effect was observed in people under 65 years.
Conclusion: Bushfire PM 2.5 exposure is associated with an increased risk of mortality, particularly in those over 65 years of age. This increase in risk was clearest at Bushfire PM 2.5 concentrations up to 30 µg/m 3 above background (Non-bushfire), with possible plateauing at higher concentrations of Bushfire PM 2.5 .
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest This project was funded by the Human Health and Social Impacts Research Node—a partnership between the University of Sydney, the NSW Department for Planning and Environment and NSW Health. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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