| Autor: |
Neale PA; Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia E-mail: p.neale@griffith.edu.au., Escher BI; Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia E-mail: p.neale@griffith.edu.au; Department of Cell Toxicology, UFZ - Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Environmental Toxicology, Department of Geosciences, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany., de Baat ML; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands., Dechesne M; Veolia Research & Innovation, 765 rue Henri Becquerel, Montpellier 34965, France., Deere DA; Water Futures, Sydney, Australia., Enault J; SUEZ CIRSEE, 38 rue du President Wilson, Le Pecq 78230, France., Kools SAE; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands., Loret JF; SUEZ CIRSEE, 38 rue du President Wilson, Le Pecq 78230, France., Smeets PWMH; KWR Water Research Institute, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands., Leusch FDL; Australian Rivers Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia E-mail: p.neale@griffith.edu.au. |
| Abstrakt: |
Water safety plans (WSPs) are intended to assure safe drinking water (DW). WSPs involve assessing and managing risks associated with microbial, chemical, physical and radiological hazards from the catchment to the consumer. Currently, chemical hazards in WSPs are assessed by targeted chemical analysis, but this approach fails to account for the mixture effects of the many chemicals potentially present in water supplies and omits the possible effects of non-targeted chemicals. Consequently, effect-based monitoring (EBM) using in vitro bioassays and well plate-based in vivo assays are proposed as a complementary tool to targeted chemical analysis to support risk analysis, risk management and water quality verification within the WSP framework. EBM is frequently applied to DW and surface water and can be utilised in all defined monitoring categories within the WSP framework (including 'system assessment', 'validation', 'operational' and 'verification'). Examples of how EBM can be applied within the different WSP modules are provided, along with guidance on where to apply EBM and how frequently. Since this is a new area, guidance documents, standard operating procedures (SOPs) and decision-making frameworks are required for both bioassay operators and WSP teams to facilitate the integration of EBM into WSPs, with these resources being developed currently. |
