Prevalence of refractive errors among school-going children in a multistate study in India.

Autor:	Joseph E; Department of Ophthalmology, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India., Ck M; Department of Ophthalmology, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India., Kumar R; Orbis India Country office, ORBIS International, Gurugram, Haryana, India., Sebastian M; Department of Ophthalmology, Little Flower Hospital and Research Centre, Angamaly, Kerala, India., Suttle CM; Optometry and Visual Science, City University London, London, UK., Congdon N; Research, Orbis International, New York, New York, USA., Sethu S; Orbis India Country office, ORBIS International, Gurugram, Haryana, India Sheeladevi.sethu@orbis.org., Murthy GV; Indian Institute of Public Health, Hyderabad, India.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The British journal of ophthalmology [Br J Ophthalmol] 2023 Dec 18; Vol. 108 (1), pp. 143-151. Date of Electronic Publication: 2023 Dec 18.
DOI:	10.1136/bjo-2022-322123
Abstrakt:	Aim: Much existing data on childhood refractive error prevalence in India were gathered in local studies, many now dated. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, severity and determinants of refractive errors among school-going children participating in a multistate vision screening programme across India. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, vision screening was conducted in children aged 5-18 years at schools in five states using a pocket vision screener. Refractive error was measured using retinoscopy, and subjective refraction and was defined both by spherical equivalent (SE) and spherical ametropia, as myopia ≤-0.5 diopters (D), hyperopia ≥+1.0 D and/or astigmatism as >0.5 D. Data from the eye with less refractive error were used to determine prevalence. Results: Among 2 240 804 children (50.9% boys, mean age 11.5 years, SD ±3.3), the prevalence of SE myopia was 1.57% (95% CI 1.54% to 1.60%) at 5-9 years, 3.13% (95% CI 3.09% to 3.16%) at 10-14 years and 4.8% (95% CI 4.73% to 4.86%) at 15-18 years. Hyperopia prevalence was 0.59% (95% CI 0.57% to 0.61%), 0.54% (95% CI 0.53% to 0.56%) and 0.39% (95% CI 0.37% to 0.41%), respectively. When defined by spherical ametropia, these values for myopia were 0.84%, 2.50% and 4.24%, and those for hyperopia were 2.11%, 2.41% and 2.07%, respectively.Myopia was associated with older age, female gender, private school attendance, urban location and state. The latter appeared to be driven by higher literacy rates. Conclusions: Refractive error, especially myopia, is common in India. Differences in prevalence between states appear to be driven by literacy rates, suggesting that the burden of myopia may rise as literacy increases. Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared. (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2024. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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