| Autor: |
McCourt KM; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.; Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics (GARD), Michigan State University, East Lancing, MI 48824, USA., Cochran J; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA., Abdelbasir SM; Central Metallurgical Research and Development Institute, P.O. Box 87, Helwan 11421, Egypt., Carraway ER; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA., Tzeng TJ; Department of Biological Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA., Tsyusko OV; Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA., Vanegas DC; Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA.; Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics (GARD), Michigan State University, East Lancing, MI 48824, USA.; Interdisciplinary Group for Biotechnology Innovation and Ecosocial Change (BioNovo), Universidad del Valle, Cali 76001, Colombia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Biosensors often combine biological recognition elements with nanomaterials of varying compositions and dimensions to facilitate or enhance the operating mechanism of the device. While incorporating nanomaterials is beneficial to developing high-performance biosensors, at the stages of scale-up and disposal, it may lead to the unmanaged release of toxic nanomaterials. Here we attempt to foster connections between the domains of biosensors development and human and environmental toxicology to encourage a holistic approach to the development and scale-up of biosensors. We begin by exploring the toxicity of nanomaterials commonly used in biosensor design. From our analysis, we introduce five factors with a role in nanotoxicity that should be considered at the biosensor development stages to better manage toxicity. Finally, we contextualize the discussion by presenting the relevant stages and routes of exposure in the biosensor life cycle. Our review found little consensus on how the factors presented govern nanomaterial toxicity, especially in composite and alloyed nanomaterials. To bridge the current gap in understanding and mitigate the risks of uncontrolled nanomaterial release, we advocate for greater collaboration through a precautionary One Health approach to future development and a movement towards a circular approach to biosensor use and disposal. |
