Synthetic opioids: a review and clinical update.

Autor:	Shafi A; South West London and Saint George's Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK., Berry AJ; Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK., Sumnall H; Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK., Wood DM; Clinical Toxicology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK., Tracy DK; West London NHS Trust, Trust Headquarters, 1 Armstrong Way, Southall UB2 4SD, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology [Ther Adv Psychopharmacol] 2022 Dec 10; Vol. 12, pp. 20451253221139616. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Dec 10 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.1177/20451253221139616
Abstrakt:	The term 'opioids' refers to both the natural compounds ('opiates') which are extracted from the opium poppy plant ( Papaver somniferum ) and their semi-synthetic and synthetic derivatives. They all possess relatively similar biochemical profiles and interact with the opioid receptors within the human body to produce a wide range of physiological effects. They have historically been used for medicinal purposes, their analgesic and sedative effects, and in the management of chronic and severe pain. They have also been used for non-medicinal and recreational purposes to produce feelings of relaxation, euphoria and well-being. Over the last decade, the emergence of an illegal market in new synthetic opioids has become a major global public health issue, associated with a substantial increase in unintentional overdoses and drug-related deaths. Synthetic opioids include fentanyl, its analogues and emerging non-fentanyl opioids. Their popularity relates to changes in criminal markets, pricing, potency, availability compared to classic opioids, ease of transport and use, rapid effect and lack of detection by conventional testing technologies. This article expands on our previous review on new psychoactive substances. We now provide a more in-depth review on synthetic opioids and explore the current challenges faced by people who use drugs, healthcare professionals, and global public health systems. Competing Interests: The authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Drs David Wood and Derek Tracy are members of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs (ACMD), a report of which is referenced within this paper. Professor Harry Sumnall is a former member of the ACMD but is a co-opted member of the ACMD working group on Cannabis based products for medicinal use. (© The Author(s), 2022.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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