The Current Status and Work of Three Rs Centres and Platforms in Europe.

Autor: Neuhaus W; EUSAAT, 31189Austrian Institute of Technology (AIT) GmbH, Competence Unit Molecular Diagnostics, Centre for Health and Bioresources, Vienna, Austria, and Danube Private University, Department of Medicine, Krems, Austria., Reininger-Gutmann B; Biomedical Research, 31475Medical University Graz, Austria., Rinner B; Biomedical Research, 31475Medical University Graz, Austria., Plasenzotti R; Department of Biomedical Research, 27271Medical University of Vienna, Austria., Wilflingseder D; 27255Institute of Hygiene and Medical Microbiology Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria., De Kock J; 70493Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Innovation Centre-3R Alternatives (IC-3Rs), Dept. In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Brussels, Belgium., Vanhaecke T; 70493Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Innovation Centre-3R Alternatives (IC-3Rs), Dept. In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Brussels, Belgium., Rogiers V; 70493Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Innovation Centre-3R Alternatives (IC-3Rs), Dept. In Vitro Toxicology and Dermato-Cosmetology (IVTD), Brussels, Belgium., Jírová D; Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety, 37739National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic., Kejlová K; Centre of Toxicology and Health Safety, 37739National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic., Knudsen LE; Danmarks 3R-Center, Glostrup, Denmark., Nielsen RN; Danmarks 3R-Center, Glostrup, Denmark., Kleuser B; 9166Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany., Kral V; 9166Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany., Thöne-Reineke C; 9166Freie Universität Berlin, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behaviour and Laboratory Animal Science, Berlin, Germany., Hartung T; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany., Pallocca G; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany., Rovida C; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany., Leist M; Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) Europe, University of Konstanz, Germany., Hippenstiel S; 14903Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité3R, Berlin, Germany., Lang A; 14903Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité3R, Berlin, Germany., Retter I; 14903Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charité3R, Berlin, Germany., Krämer S; 3R Centre JLU Giessen, Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research (ICAR3R), Giessen, Germany., Jedlicka P; 3R Centre JLU Giessen, Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research (ICAR3R), Giessen, Germany., Ameli K; 3R Centre JLU Giessen, Interdisciplinary Centre for 3Rs in Animal Research (ICAR3R), Giessen, Germany., Fritsche E; 256593IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany.; Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany., Tigges J; 256593IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany., Kuchovská E; 256593IUF-Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine, Düsseldorf, Germany., Buettner M; Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany., Bleich A; Institute for Laboratory Animal Science, 9177Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany., Baumgart N; TARC force 3R, Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany., Baumgart J; Translational Animal Research Center, University Medical Centre, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Germany., Meinhardt MW; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Spanagel R; Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Chourbaji S; Interfaculty Biomedical Research Facility (IBF), University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany., Kränzlin B; Core Facility Preclinical Models, Universitätsmedizin Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany., Seeger B; 460510University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Quality and Food Safety, Research Group Food Toxicology and Alternatives/Complementary Methods to Animal Experiments, Hannover, Germany., von Köckritz-Blickwede M; 460510University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Department of Biochemistry & Research Centre for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, Hannover, Germany., Sánchez-Morgado JM; Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Galligioni V; Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Ruiz-Pérez D; Bioresearch and Veterinary Services, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK., Movia D; Comparative Medicine Unit, 8809Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland., Prina-Mello A; Comparative Medicine Unit, 8809Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland., Ahluwalia A; Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity (ARTT) and Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), School of Medicine, 8809Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland., Chiono V; Laboratory for Biological Characterisation of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute (TTMI), School of Medicine, 8809Trinity College Dublin, College Green, Dublin, Ireland., Gutleb AC; Department of Information Engineering, Università di Pisa and Centro 3R, Interuniversity Centre for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Italy., Schmit M; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, 19032Politecnico di Torino, Torino and Centro 3R, and Interuniversity Center for the Promotion of 3Rs Principles in Teaching and Research, Italy., van Golen B; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg., van Weereld L; 81872University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg., Kienhuis A; 2890Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality, The Hague, The Netherlands., van Oort E; Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Belvaux, Luxembourg., van der Valk J; Netherlands National Committee for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (NCad), The Hague, The Netherlands., Smith A; National Institute for Public Health and the Environment-RIVM, BA Bilthoven, The Netherlands., Roszak J; 3Rs-Centre, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Stępnik M; 3Rs-Centre, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.; Norecopa, Ås, Norway., Sobańska Z; 3Rs-Centre, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Reszka E; 3Rs-Centre, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands., Olsson IAS; The National Centre for Alternative Methods to Toxicity Assessment, 49611Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.; QSAR Lab Ltd, Gdańsk, Poland., Franco NH; The National Centre for Alternative Methods to Toxicity Assessment, 49611Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Łódź, Poland.; QSAR Lab Ltd, Gdańsk, Poland., Sevastre B; IBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, 26706Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal., Kandarova H; i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, 26706Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal., Capdevila S; Romanian Center for Alternative Test Methods (ROCAM) hosted by the 162275University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine in Cluj-Napoca, Romania., Johansson J; Slovak National Platform for 3Rs-SNP3Rs, Bratislava, Slovakia; and Department of Tissue Cultures and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 87171Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia., Svensk E; Slovak National Platform for 3Rs-SNP3Rs, Bratislava, Slovakia; and Department of Tissue Cultures and Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Centre of Experimental Medicine SAS, 87171Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia., Cederroth CR; Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain., Sandström J; Comparative Medicine and Bioimage Centre of Catalonia (CMCiB), Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain., Ragan I; Swedish 3Rs Center, Swedish Board of Agriculture, Jönköping, Sweden., Bubalo N; Swiss 3RCC, Bern, Switzerland., Kurreck J; National Centre for the 3Rs (NC3Rs), London, United Kingdom., Spielmann H; 9166Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmacology and Toxicology, Berlin, Germany.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Alternatives to laboratory animals : ATLA [Altern Lab Anim] 2022 Nov; Vol. 50 (6), pp. 381-413.
DOI: 10.1177/02611929221140909
Abstrakt: The adoption of Directive 2010/63/EU on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes has given a major push to the formation of Three Rs initiatives in the form of centres and platforms. These centres and platforms are dedicated to the so-called Three Rs, which are the Replacement, Reduction and Refinement of animal use in experiments. ATLA 's 50th Anniversary year has seen the publication of two articles on European Three Rs centres and platforms. The first of these was about the progressive rise in their numbers and about their founding history; this second part focuses on their current status and activities. This article takes a closer look at their financial and organisational structures, describes their Three Rs focus and core activities (dissemination, education, implementation, scientific quality/translatability, ethics), and presents their areas of responsibility and projects in detail. This overview of the work and diverse structures of the Three Rs centres and platforms is not only intended to bring them closer to the reader, but also to provide role models and show examples of how such Three Rs centres and platforms could be made sustainable. The Three Rs centres and platforms are very important focal points and play an immense role as facilitators of Directive 2010/63/EU 'on the ground' in their respective countries. They are also invaluable for the wide dissemination of information and for promoting the implementation of the Three Rs in general.
Databáze: MEDLINE