Hydrothermal carbonization of cow dung with human urine as a solvent for hydrochar: An experimental and kinetic study.

Autor: Gajera ZR; Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India., Mungray AA; Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India., Rene ER; Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands., Mungray AK; Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India. Electronic address: akm@ched.svnit.ac.in.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of environmental management [J Environ Manage] 2023 Feb 01; Vol. 327, pp. 116854. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 28.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116854
Abstrakt: Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is the most cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient physicochemical and biochemical process for converting biomass to products with added value. The objective and novelty of this work is to produce and investigate the qualities of hydrochar fuel (as a solid fuel) from cow manure using human urine as a solvent in order to find a suitable replacement for conventional fuel (i.e., coal). HTC based studies were conducted in batch, at three different reaction temperatures (180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C) and two different reaction periods (2 and 4 h). For kinetic analysis and reaction mechanism of the combustion behavior of the produced hydrochar, the model free kinetic methods and the z-master plot were used. From the model free kinetics methods, it was observed that the resultant optimum average activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the produced hydrochar at 180 °C and 2 h reaction period (HTC_180_2) were ∼120 kJ/mol and ∼5.59 × 10 25 sec -1 , respectively. In addition, the little variation between ΔE α and ΔH α (∼10 kJ/mol) suggests that the combustion of produced hydrochar (HTC_180_2) occurred with minimal energy use. Furthermore, the hydrochar exhibited its highest heating value at 200 °C for 4 h (HTC_200_4) which was 1.44 times higher than the raw dung (13.4 MJ/kg) due to the HTC process. The produced hydrochar demonstrated a significant improvement compared to the conventional solvent, i.e. water.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
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Databáze: MEDLINE
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