Seventy-eight entire mitochondrial genomes and nuclear rRNA genes provide insight into the phylogeny of the hard ticks, particularly the Haemaphysalis species, Africaniella transversale and Robertsicus elaphensis.

Autor: Kelava S; Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia., Mans BJ; Epidemiology, Parasites and Vectors, Agricultural Research Council, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa; The Department of Life and Consumer Sciences, University of South Africa, Florida 1709, South Africa; The Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0110, South Africa., Shao R; Centre for Bioinnovation and School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, QLD 4556, Australia., Barker D; School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia., Teo EJM; Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia., Chatanga E; Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan., Gofton AW; CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, ACT, Australia., Moustafa MAM; Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan., Nakao R; Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan., Barker SC; Department of Parasitology, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Australia. Electronic address: s.barker@uq.ed.au.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Ticks and tick-borne diseases [Ticks Tick Borne Dis] 2023 Mar; Vol. 14 (2), pp. 102070. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 01.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2022.102070
Abstrakt: Hoogstraal and Kim (1985) proposed from morphology, three groups of Haemaphysalis subgenera: (i) the "structurally advanced"; (ii) the "structurally intermediate"; and (iii) the "structurally primitive" subgenera. Nuclear gene phylogenies, however, did not indicate monophyly of these morphological groups but alas, only two mitochondrial (mt) genomes from the "structurally intermediate" subgenera had been sequenced. The phylogeny of Haemaphysalis has not yet been resolved. We aimed to resolve the phylogeny of the genus Haemaphysalis, with respect to the subgenus Alloceraea. We presented 15 newly sequenced and annotated mt genomes from 15 species of ticks, five species of which have not been sequenced before, and four new 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA nuclear gene sequences. Our datasets were constructed from 10 mt protein-coding genes, cox1, and the 18S and 28S nuclear rRNA genes. We found a 132-bp insertion between tRNA-Glu (E) gene and the nad1 gene in the mt genome of Haemaphysalis (Alloceraea) inermis that resembles insertions in H. (Alloceraea) kitaokai and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) geigyi. Our mt phylogenies had the three species of Amblyomma (Aponomma) we sequenced embedded in the main clade of Amblyomma: Am. (Aponomma) fimbriatum, Am. (Aponomma) gervaisi and Am. (Aponomma) latum. This is further support for the hypothesis that the evolution of eyes appears to have occurred in the most-recent-common-ancestor of Amblyocephalus (i.e. Amblyomminae plus Rhipicephalinae) and that eyes were subsequently lost in the most-recent-common-ancestor of the subgenus Am. (Aponomma). Either Africaniella transversale or Robertsicus elaphensis, or perhaps Af. transversale plus Ro. elaphensis, appear to be the sister-group to the rest of the metastriate Ixodida. Our cox1 phylogenies did not indicate monophyly of the "structurally primitive", "structurally intermediate" nor the "structurally advanced" groups of Haemaphysalis subgenera. Indeed, the subgenus Alloceraea may be the only monophyletic subgenus of the genus Haemaphysalis sequenced thus far. All of our mt genome and cox1 phylogenies had the subgenus Alloceraea in a clade that was separate from the rest of the Haemaphysalis ticks. If Alloceraea is indeed the sister to the rest of the Haemaphysalis subgenera this would resonate with the argument of Hoogstraal and Kim (1985), that Alloceraea was a subgenus of "primitive" Haemaphysalis. Alectorobius capensis from Japan had a higher genetic-identity to A. sawaii, which was also from Japan, than to the A. capensis from South Africa. This indicates that A. capensis from Japan may be a cryptic species with respect to the A. capensis from South Africa.
(Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier GmbH.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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