Do individual differences in lexical reliance reflect states or traits?

Autor: Giovannone N; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, 2 Alethia Drive, Unit 1085, Storrs, CT 06269-1085, USA; Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT 06269-1272, USA., Theodore RM; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, University of Connecticut, 2 Alethia Drive, Unit 1085, Storrs, CT 06269-1085, USA; Connecticut Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT 06269-1272, USA. Electronic address: rachel.theodore@uconn.edu.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Cognition [Cognition] 2023 Mar; Vol. 232, pp. 105320. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 25.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105320
Abstrakt: Research suggests that individuals differ in the degree to which they rely on lexical information to support speech perception. However, the locus of these differences is not yet known; nor is it known whether these individual differences reflect a context-dependent "state" or a stable listener "trait." Here we test the hypothesis that individual differences in lexical reliance are a stable trait that is linked to individuals' relative weighting of lexical and acoustic-phonetic information for speech perception. At each of two sessions, listeners (n = 73) completed a Ganong task, a phonemic restoration task, and a locally time-reversed speech task - three tasks that have been used to demonstrate a lexical influence on speech perception. Robust lexical effects on speech perception were observed for each task in the aggregate. Individual differences in lexical reliance were stable across sessions; however, relationships among the three tasks in each session were weak. For the Ganong and locally time-reversed speech tasks, increased reliance on lexical information was associated with weaker reliance on acoustic-phonetic information. Collectively, these results (1) provide some evidence to suggest that individual differences in lexical reliance for a given task are a stable reflection of the relative weighting of acoustic-phonetic and lexical cues for speech perception in that task, and (2) highlight the need for a better understanding of the psychometric characteristics of tasks used in the psycholinguistic domain to build theories that can accommodate individual differences in mapping speech to meaning.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest None.
(Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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