Experimental warming increases fungal alpha diversity in an oligotrophic maritime Antarctic soil.

Autor:	Newsham KK; British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom., Misiak M; British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom.; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom., Goodall-Copestake WP; British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom.; The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom., Dahl MS; Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway., Boddy L; School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom., Hopkins DW; Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, United Kingdom., Davey ML; Department of Biology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.; Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in microbiology [Front Microbiol] 2022 Nov 10; Vol. 13, pp. 1050372. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 10 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050372
Abstrakt:	The climate of maritime Antarctica has altered since the 1950s. However, the effects of increased temperature, precipitation and organic carbon and nitrogen availability on the fungal communities inhabiting the barren and oligotrophic fellfield soils that are widespread across the region are poorly understood. Here, we test how warming with open top chambers (OTCs), irrigation and the organic substrates glucose, glycine and tryptone soy broth (TSB) influence a fungal community inhabiting an oligotrophic maritime Antarctic fellfield soil. In contrast with studies in vegetated soils at lower latitudes, OTCs increased fungal community alpha diversity (Simpson's index and evenness) by 102-142% in unamended soil after 5 years. Conversely, OTCs had few effects on diversity in substrate-amended soils, with their only main effects, in glycine-amended soils, being attributable to an abundance of Pseudogymnoascus . The substrates reduced alpha and beta diversity metrics by 18-63%, altered community composition and elevated soil fungal DNA concentrations by 1-2 orders of magnitude after 5 years. In glycine-amended soil, OTCs decreased DNA concentrations by 57% and increased the relative abundance of the yeast Vishniacozyma by 45-fold. The relative abundance of the yeast Gelidatrema declined by 78% in chambered soil and increased by 1.9-fold in irrigated soil. Fungal DNA concentrations were also halved by irrigation in TSB-amended soils. In support of regional- and continental-scale studies across climatic gradients, the observations indicate that soil fungal alpha diversity in maritime Antarctica will increase as the region warms, but suggest that the accumulation of organic carbon and nitrogen compounds in fellfield soils arising from expanding plant populations are likely, in time, to attenuate the positive effects of warming on diversity. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Newsham, Misiak, Goodall-Copestake, Dahl, Boddy, Hopkins and Davey.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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