| Autor: |
Milad A; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa PC 616, Ad-Dakhliyah, Oman., Babalghaith AM; Centre for Transportation Research, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia., Al-Sabaeei AM; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia., Dulaimi A; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala 56001, Iraq.; School of Civil Engineering and Built Environment, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5UX, UK., Ali A; Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X5, Canada., Reddy SS; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Nizwa PC 616, Ad-Dakhliyah, Oman., Bilema M; Department of Civil Technology, College of Science Technology-Qaminis, Qaminis, Libya., Yusoff NIM; Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Malaysia. |
| Abstrakt: |
The environmental concerns of global warming and energy consumption are among the most severe issues and challenges facing human beings worldwide. Due to the relatively higher predicted temperatures (150-180 °C), the latest research on pavement energy consumption and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emission assessment mentioned contributing to higher environmental burdens such as air pollution and global warming. However, warm-mix asphalt (WMA) was introduced by pavement researchers and the road construction industry instead of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) to reduce these environmental problems. This study aims to provide a comparative overview of WMA and HMA from environmental and economic perspectives in order to highlight the challenges, motivations, and research gaps in using WMA technology compared to HMA. It was discovered that the lower production temperature of WMA could significantly reduce the emissions of gases and fumes and thus reduce global warming. The lower production temperature also provides a healthy work environment and reduces exposure to fumes. Replacing HMA with WMA can reduce production costs because of the 20-75% lower energy consumption in WMA production. It was also released that the reduction in energy consumption is dependent on the fuel type, energy source, material heat capacity, moisture content, and production temperature. Other benefits of using WMA are enhanced asphalt mixture workability and compaction because the additives in WMA reduce asphalt binder viscosity. It also allows for the incorporation of more waste materials, such as reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). However, future studies are recommended on the possibility of using renewable, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective materials such as biomaterials as an alternative to conventional WMA-additives for more sustainable and green asphalt pavements. |
