Dynamic Interactive Social Cognition Training in Virtual Reality (DiSCoVR) versus Virtual Reality Relaxation (VRelax) for People With a Psychotic Disorder: A Single-Blind Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Autor:	Nijman SA; Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe, Dennenweg 9, PO Box 30007, 9404 LA, Assen, The Netherlands.; University Center of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands., Pijnenborg GHM; Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe, Dennenweg 9, PO Box 30007, 9404 LA, Assen, The Netherlands.; Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands., Vermeer RR; GGZ Delfland, Sint Jorisweg 2, 2612 GA, Delft, The Netherlands., Zandee CER; GGZ Delfland, Sint Jorisweg 2, 2612 GA, Delft, The Netherlands., Zandstra DC; Zeeuwse Gronden, Axelsestraat 8/A, 4537 AJ, Terneuzen, The Netherlands., van der Vorm D; GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Hoofdlaan 8, PO Box 371, 4600AJ, Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands., de Wit-de Visser AC; GGZ Westelijk Noord-Brabant, Hoofdlaan 8, PO Box 371, 4600AJ, Bergen op Zoom, The Netherlands.; Tranzo, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Professor Cobbenhagenlaan 125, PO Box 90153, 5000LE Tilburg, The Netherlands., Meins IA; Department of Psychotic Disorders, GGZ Drenthe, Dennenweg 9, PO Box 30007, 9404 LA, Assen, The Netherlands.; University Center of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.; Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, Grote Kruisstraat 2/1, 9712 TS, Groningen, The Netherlands., Geraets CNW; University Center of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands., Veling W; University Center of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RB, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Schizophrenia bulletin [Schizophr Bull] 2023 Mar 15; Vol. 49 (2), pp. 518-530.
DOI:	10.1093/schbul/sbac166
Abstrakt:	Background and Hypothesis: Social cognition training (SCT), an intervention for social cognition and social functioning, might be improved by using virtual reality (VR), because VR may offer better opportunities to practice in a potentially more realistic environment. To date, no controlled studies have investigated VR-SCT. This study investigated a VR-SCT, "DiSCoVR". We hypothesized that DiSCoVR would improve social cognition and social functioning. Study Design: Participants were randomized to DiSCoVR (n = 41) or VR relaxation ('VRelax', n = 40), an active control condition, and completed 16 twice-weekly sessions. Three assessments (baseline, posttreatment, and 3-month follow-up) were performed by blinded assessors. The primary outcome was social cognition (emotion perception and theory of mind). Secondary outcomes included social functioning (measured with an interview and experience sampling), psychiatric symptoms, information processing, and self-esteem. Data were analyzed using mixed-models regression analysis. Treatment effects were evaluated by the time by condition interaction terms. Study Results: No significant time by condition interactions were found for any of the outcome variables, indicating an absence of treatment effects. Between-group effect sizes ranged from negligible to moderate (Cohen's d < |0.53|). Main effects of time were found for several outcomes. Conclusions: These results suggest that DiSCoVR was not effective, possibly because of inadequate simulation of emotional expressions in VR. This lack of efficacy may indicate that current SCT protocols are relatively unsuitable for improving social functioning. Previous studies showed small to moderate effects on higher order social cognition, but the SCT approach may need critical reevaluation, as it may not sufficiently lead to functional improvement. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Maryland Psychiatric Research Center.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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