Quantitative myelin imaging with MRI and PET: an overview of techniques and their validation status.

Autor:	van der Weijden CWJ; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands., Biondetti E; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy., Gutmann IW; Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria., Dijkstra H; Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands., McKerchar R; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada., de Paula Faria D; Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05403-911, Brazil., de Vries EFJ; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands., Meilof JF; Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.; Department of Neurology, Martini Ziekenhuis, 9728 NT Groningen, The Netherlands., Dierckx RAJO; Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands., Prevost VH; CT-MR Planning division department, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi 324-8550, Japan., Rauscher A; Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Brain : a journal of neurology [Brain] 2023 Apr 19; Vol. 146 (4), pp. 1243-1266.
DOI:	10.1093/brain/awac436
Abstrakt:	Myelin is the protective sheath wrapped around axons, consisting of a phospholipid bilayer with water between the wraps. The measurement of damage to the myelin sheaths, the evaluation of the efficacy of therapies aiming to promote remyelination and monitoring the degree of brain maturation in children all require non-invasive quantitative myelin imaging methods. To date, various myelin imaging techniques have been developed. Five different MRI approaches can be distinguished based on their biophysical principles: (i) imaging of the water between the lipid bilayers directly (e.g. myelin water imaging); (ii) imaging the non-aqueous protons of the phospholipid bilayer directly with ultra-short echo-time techniques; (iii) indirect imaging of the macromolecular content (e.g. magnetization transfer; inhomogeneous magnetization transfer); (iv) mapping of the effects of the myelin sheath's magnetic susceptibility on the MRI signal (e.g. quantitative susceptibility mapping); and (v) mapping of the effects of the myelin sheath on water diffusion. Myelin imaging with PET uses radioactive molecules with high affinity to specific myelin components, in particular myelin basic protein. This review aims to give an overview of the various myelin imaging techniques, their biophysical principles, image acquisition, data analysis and their validation status. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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