Intestinal plasticity and metabolism as regulators of organismal energy homeostasis.

Autor: Stojanović O; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.; Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Miguel-Aliaga I; MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK. i.miguel-aliaga@lms.mrc.ac.uk.; Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK. i.miguel-aliaga@lms.mrc.ac.uk., Trajkovski M; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Centre Medical Universitaire (CMU), Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. mirko.trajkovski@unige.ch.; Diabetes Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland. mirko.trajkovski@unige.ch.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Nature metabolism [Nat Metab] 2022 Nov; Vol. 4 (11), pp. 1444-1458. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 17.
DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00679-6
Abstrakt: The small intestine displays marked anatomical and functional plasticity that includes adaptive alterations in adult gut morphology, enteroendocrine cell profile and their hormone secretion, as well as nutrient utilization and storage. In this Perspective, we examine how shifts in dietary and environmental conditions bring about changes in gut size, and describe how the intestine adapts to changes in internal state, bowel resection and gastric bypass surgery. We highlight the critical importance of these intestinal remodelling processes in maintaining energy balance of the organism, and in protecting the metabolism of other organs. The intestinal resizing is supported by changes in the microbiota composition, and by activation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism, which govern the intestinal stem cell proliferation, intestinal cell fate, as well as survivability of differentiated epithelial cells. The discovery that intestinal remodelling is part of the normal physiological adaptation to various triggers, and the potential for harnessing the reversible gut plasticity, in our view, holds extraordinary promise for developing therapeutic approaches against metabolic and inflammatory diseases.
(© 2022. Springer Nature Limited.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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