Ionizing radiation, cerebrovascular disease, and consequent dementia: A review and proposed framework relevant to space radiation exposure.

Autor:	Miller KB; National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, VA, United States., Mi KL; Brown University, Providence, RI, United States., Nelson GA; Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States.; NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States.; KBR Inc., Houston, TX, United States., Norman RB; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States., Patel ZS; NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States.; KBR Inc., Houston, TX, United States., Huff JL; NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in physiology [Front Physiol] 2022 Oct 25; Vol. 13, pp. 1008640. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 25 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fphys.2022.1008640
Abstrakt:	Space exploration requires the characterization and management or mitigation of a variety of human health risks. Exposure to space radiation is one of the main health concerns because it has the potential to increase the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and both acute and late neurodegeneration. Space radiation-induced decrements to the vascular system may impact the risk for cerebrovascular disease and consequent dementia. These risks may be independent or synergistic with direct damage to central nervous system tissues. The purpose of this work is to review epidemiological and experimental data regarding the impact of low-to-moderate dose ionizing radiation on the central nervous system and the cerebrovascular system. A proposed framework outlines how space radiation-induced effects on the vasculature may increase risk for both cerebrovascular dysfunction and neural and cognitive adverse outcomes. The results of this work suggest that there are multiple processes by which ionizing radiation exposure may impact cerebrovascular function including increases in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, arterial stiffening, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cerebrovascular adverse outcomes may also promote neural and cognitive adverse outcomes. However, there are many gaps in both the human and preclinical evidence base regarding the long-term impact of ionizing radiation exposure on brain health due to heterogeneity in both exposures and outcomes. The unique composition of the space radiation environment makes the translation of the evidence base from terrestrial exposures to space exposures difficult. Additional investigation and understanding of the impact of low-to-moderate doses of ionizing radiation including high (H) atomic number (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) ions on the cerebrovascular system is needed. Furthermore, investigation of how decrements in vascular systems may contribute to development of neurodegenerative diseases in independent or synergistic pathways is important for protecting the long-term health of astronauts. Competing Interests: GAN, ZSP were employed by KBR Inc. RBN, JLH, were employed by NASA Langley Research Center. GAN, ZSP were contractors for NASA Johnson Space Center. KBM was employed by the National Institute of Aerospace. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Miller, Mi, Nelson, Norman, Patel and Huff.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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