What is known so far about bull sperm protamination: a review.
| Autor: | Nagaki CAP; Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Hamilton TRDS; Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Assumpção MEODÁ; Departamento de Reprodução Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Animal reproduction [Anim Reprod] 2022 Nov 04; Vol. 19 (4), pp. e20210109. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 04 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| DOI: | 10.1590/1984-3143-AR2021-0109 |
| Abstrakt: | Sperm routinary fitness evaluation is not sufficient to predict bull reproductive capacity as they present differences in fertility up to 40%. Among the defects which compromise spermatozoa functionality, new approaches consider the study of sperm chromatin, which is the core structure containing paternal genetic information. Sperm chromatin needs to be compacted to maintain the integrity of DNA, which occurs by binding nucleoproteins with high affinity to DNA. In the last stages of sperm maturation, chromatin is hyper-compacted by basic proteins called protamines in a process named protamination. In this review, we summarized intrinsic and extrinsic factors that are suggested to influence protamination in bull spermatozoa, considering old and new evidence from human and murine spermatozoa. Also, the current approaches to evaluate bull protamination and its relationship with fertility were described. Nevertheless, the physiological mechanisms of protamination are still poorly understood. Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest: The authors have no conflict of interest to declare. |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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