A soybean based-diet prevents Cadmium access to rat cerebellum, maintaining trace elements homeostasis and avoiding morphological alterations.

Autor: Martin Molinero GD; Laboratory of Nutrition, Environment and Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Argentina and IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina.; IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina., Boldrini GG; Laboratory of Nutrition, Environment and Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Argentina and IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina.; IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina., Pérez Chaca MV; Laboratory of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina., Moyano MF; INQUISAL CONICET, Institute of Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry Area, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina., Armonelli Fiedler S; Departamento de Química Biológica 'Dr Ranwel Caputto'-CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina., Giménez MS; Laboratory of Nutrition, Environment and Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Argentina and IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina.; IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina., Gómez NN; IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina.; Laboratory of Morphophysiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, San Luis, Argentina., López PHH; Departamento de Química Biológica 'Dr Ranwel Caputto'-CIQUIBIC-CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina., Álvarez SM; Laboratory of Nutrition, Environment and Cell Metabolism, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, Argentina and IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina. salvarez@unsl.edu.ar.; IMIBIO-SL CONICET, San Luis, Argentina. salvarez@unsl.edu.ar.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Biometals : an international journal on the role of metal ions in biology, biochemistry, and medicine [Biometals] 2023 Feb; Vol. 36 (1), pp. 67-96. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 14.
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00462-w
Abstrakt: Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous heavy metals that exists. A prolonged exposure to Cd causes toxic effects in a variety of tissues, including Central Nervous System (CNS), where it can penetrate the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Cd exposure has been linked to neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative diseases. Soy isoflavones have a strong antioxidant capacity, and they have been shown to have positive effects on cognitive function in females. However, the mechanisms underlying Cd neurotoxicity remain completely unresolved. The purpose of this study was to characterize the potential protective effect of a soy-based diet vs. a casein-based diet against Cd toxicity in rat cerebellum. Female Wistar rats were fed with casein (Cas) or soybean (So) as protein sources for 60 days. Simultaneously, half of the animals were administered either 15 ppm of Cadmium (CasCd and SoCd groups) in water or regular tap water as control (Cas and So groups). We analyzed Cd exposure effects on trace elements, oxidative stress, cell death markers, GFAP expression and the histoarchitecture of rat cerebellum. We found that Cd tissue content only augmented in the Cas intoxicated group. Zn, Cu, Mn and Se levels showed modifications among the different diets. Expression of Nrf-2 and the activities of CAT and GPx decreased in Cas and So intoxicated groups,while 3-NT expression increased only in the CasCd group. Morphometry analyses revealed alterations in the purkinje and granular cells morphology, decreased number of granular cells and reduced thickness of the granular layer in Cd-intoxicated rats, whereas no alterations were observed in animals under a So diet. In addition, mRNA expression of apoptotic markers BAX/Bcl-2 ratio and p53 expression increased only in the CasCd group, a finding confirmed by positive TUNEL staining in the cerebellum granule cell layer in the same group. Also, Cd intoxication elicited overexpression of GFAP by astrocytes, which was prevented by soy. White matter alterations were only subtle and characterized by intramyelinic edema in the CasCd group. Overall, these results unmask an irreversible toxic effect of a subchronic Cd intoxication on the cerebellum, and identify a protective role by a soy-based diet with potential as a therapeutic strategy for those individuals exposed to this dangerous environmental contaminant.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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