| Autor: |
Ghareeb YE; Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt., Soliman SS; Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt., Ismail TA; Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt., Hassan MA; Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt., Abdelkader MA; Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt., Abdel Latef AAH; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt., Al-Khayri JM; Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia., ALshamrani SM; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia., Safhi FA; Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia., Awad MF; Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia., El-Moneim DA; Department of Plant Production, (Genetic Branch), Faculty of Environmental and Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, El-Arish 45511, Egypt., Hassanin AA; Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt. |
| Abstrakt: |
Chamomile ( Matricariarecutita L.) is one of the most important medicinal plants with various applications. The flowers and flower heads are the main organs inthe production of essential oil. The essential improvement goals of chamomile are considered to be high flower yield and oil content, as well asthe suitability for mechanical harvesting. The present study aimed to improve the flower yield, oil content and mechanical harvestability of German chamomile via chemical and physical mutagens. Three German chamomile populations (Fayum, Benysuif and Menia) were irradiated with 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gray doses of gamma rays, as well as chemically mutagenized using 0.001, 0.002 and 0.003 mol/mL of sodium azide for 4 h. The two mutagens produced a wide range of changes in the flowers' shape and size. At M 3 generation, 18 mutants (11 from gamma irradiation and 7 from sodium azide mutagenization) were selected and morphologically characterized. Five out of eighteen mutants were selected for morphological and chemical characterization for oil content, oil composition and oil quality in M 4 generation. Two promising mutants, F/LF5-2-1 and B/HNOF 8-4-2, were selected based on their performance in most studied traits during three generations, as well as the high percentage of cut efficiency and a homogenous flower horizon, which qualify them as suitable candidates for mechanical harvesting. The two mutants are late flowering elite mutants; the F/LF5-2-1 mutant possessed the highest oil content (1.77%) and number of flowers/plant (1595), while the second promising B/HNOF 8-4-2 mutant hada high oil content (1.29%) and chamazulene percentage (13.98%) compared to control plants. These results suggest that the B/HNOF 8-4-2 and F/LF5-2-1 mutants could be integrated as potential parents into breeding programs for a high number of flowers, high oil content, oil composition and oil color traits for German chamomile improvement. |
