| Autor: |
Sunarwidhi AL; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Hernawan A; Department of Informatics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Frediansyah A; PRTPP, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia., Widyastuti S; Faculty of Food Technology and Agroindustry, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Martyasari NWR; Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Abidin AS; Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Padmi H; Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Handayani E; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Utami NWP; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Maulana FA; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Ichfa MSM; Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia., Prasedya ES; Bioscience and Biotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia. |
| Abstrakt: |
Indonesia has high biodiversity of algae that are under-utilised due to limitations in the processing techniques. Here, we observed the effect of two different extraction methods (cold maceration and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE)) on multiple variables of Indonesian brown algae ethanol extracts ( Sargassum polycystum , Sargassum cristaefolium , Sargassum aquifolium and Turbinaria ornata ). The variables observed included metabolites screening by untargeted metabolomics liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS), observation of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), anti-oxidant and B16-F10 melanoma cells cytotoxicity. UAE extracts had higher extraction yield and TPC, but no TFC difference was observed. UAE extract had more lipophilic compounds, such as fatty acids (Palmitic acid, Oleamide, Palmitoleic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, α-Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid), lipid-derived mediators (11,12-Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid ((±)11(12)-EET)), steroid derivatives (Ergosterol peroxide), lipophilic metabolite (Fucoxanthin), and lipid-soluble vitamins (all-trans-retinol). Principle component analysis (PCA) revealed that TPC, not TFC, in the UAE extracts was correlated with the anti-oxidant activities and cytotoxicity of the extracts towards B16-F10 melanoma cells. This means other non-flavonoid phenolic and lipophilic compounds may have contributed to its bioactivity. These results suggest that out of the two methods investigated, UAE could be a chosen method to extract natural anti-melanogenic agents from brown algae. |
