Unified methods in collecting, preserving, and archiving coral bleaching and restoration specimens to increase sample utility and interdisciplinary collaboration.

Autor:	Vega Thurber R; Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States., Schmeltzer ER; Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States., Grottoli AG; School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States., van Woesik R; Institute for Global Ecology, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Fl, United States., Toonen RJ; Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, United States., Warner M; School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Lewes, DE, United States., Dobson KL; School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States., McLachlan RH; Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.; School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States., Barott K; Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States., Barshis DJ; Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, United States., Baumann J; Biology Department, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States., Chapron L; School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States., Combosch DJ; Marine Laboratory, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam., Correa AM; BioSciences Department, Rice University, Houstan, TX, United States., DeCarlo TM; College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Hawai'i Pacific University, Honolulu, HI, United States., Hagedorn M; Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Kāne'ohe, HI, United States.; Conservation Biology Institute, Smithsonian, Kāne'ohe, HI, United States., Hédouin L; Centre de Recherches Insulaires et Observatoire de l'Environnement, Chargée de Recherches CNRS, Papetō'ai, Moorea, French Polynesia., Hoadley K; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama - Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States., Felis T; MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany., Ferrier-Pagès C; Marine Biology Department, Coral Ecophysiology team, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco., Kenkel C; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States., Kuffner IB; U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg, FL, United States., Matthews J; Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia., Medina M; Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States., Meyer C; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian, Washington DC, United States., Oster C; MARUM - Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany., Price J; School of Earth Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States., Putnam HM; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States., Sawall Y; Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences, St. George's, St. George's, Bermuda.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	PeerJ [PeerJ] 2022 Nov 02; Vol. 10, pp. e14176. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 02 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.7717/peerj.14176
Abstrakt:	Coral reefs are declining worldwide primarily because of bleaching and subsequent mortality resulting from thermal stress. Currently, extensive efforts to engage in more holistic research and restoration endeavors have considerably expanded the techniques applied to examine coral samples. Despite such advances, coral bleaching and restoration studies are often conducted within a specific disciplinary focus, where specimens are collected, preserved, and archived in ways that are not always conducive to further downstream analyses by specialists in other disciplines. This approach may prevent the full utilization of unexpended specimens, leading to siloed research, duplicative efforts, unnecessary loss of additional corals to research endeavors, and overall increased costs. A recent US National Science Foundation-sponsored workshop set out to consolidate our collective knowledge across the disciplines of Omics, Physiology, and Microscopy and Imaging regarding the methods used for coral sample collection, preservation, and archiving. Here, we highlight knowledge gaps and propose some simple steps for collecting, preserving, and archiving coral-bleaching specimens that can increase the impact of individual coral bleaching and restoration studies, as well as foster additional analyses and future discoveries through collaboration. Rapid freezing of samples in liquid nitrogen or placing at -80 °C to -20 °C is optimal for most Omics and Physiology studies with a few exceptions; however, freezing samples removes the potential for many Microscopy and Imaging-based analyses due to the alteration of tissue integrity during freezing. For Microscopy and Imaging, samples are best stored in aldehydes. The use of sterile gloves and receptacles during collection supports the downstream analysis of host-associated bacterial and viral communities which are particularly germane to disease and restoration efforts. Across all disciplines, the use of aseptic techniques during collection, preservation, and archiving maximizes the research potential of coral specimens and allows for the greatest number of possible downstream analyses. Competing Interests: Robert J. Toonen is a PeerJ Section Editor. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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