Effects of wildfire ashes on aquatic invertebrates: First molecular approach on Chironomus riparius larvae.

Autor: Muñiz González AB; Biology & Toxicology Group, Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain; Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address: anabmglez@bec.uned.es., Campos I; Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal., Re A; Department of Environment and Planning & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal., Martínez-Guitarte JL; Biology & Toxicology Group, Department of Physics, Mathematics, and Fluids, National Distance Education University (UNED), Madrid, Spain., Abrantes N; Department of Biology and CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: The Science of the total environment [Sci Total Environ] 2023 Feb 01; Vol. 858 (Pt 3), pp. 159899. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 03.
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159899
Abstrakt: The wildfire magnification in recent years has raised increasing concern about their adverse impacts on the environment. Wildfires are recognized as an important source of diffuse pollution for the nearby aquatic systems being potentially toxic to aquatic life. Albeit previous studies with wildfire runoff/ashes observed effects in aquatic organisms, to date, different severity origins of ashes and their impact at the sub-organismal level on aquatic biota have not been assessed. In this work, the molecular response of Chironomus riparius exposed to wildfire with low (LS) and high (HS) severity ashes from burnt Pine plantations was evaluated by employing an array of 42 genes related to crucial metabolic pathways by Real time-PCR. IV instar larvae were exposed for 72 h to aqueous extract of ashes (12.5 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %) prepared from LS and HS ashes. Mn, Zn, and Pb were the metals found at highest concentration in both ash extracts, for HS notable Cd, Mn and Cr presence. From the 42 genes studied only 4 were not altered (22 genes modulated their response by LS and 38 genes in the case of HS) showing the opposite response at 100% with downregulated by LS and upregulated by HS. The 12.5 %, 25 %, 100 % HS and 25 % LS were the main modulators, confirmed by the integrative biomarkers response (IBR). Remarkable genotoxicity was generated by ashes even activating the apoptosis response, and endocrine disruption observed could modify the development. Moreover, detoxification and stress response were strongly activated, limiting the organism's future response to external aggressions. The employment of this novelty approach with molecular tools act as early alarm signal preventing greater damages. Overall, wildfire ashes showed to be a significant environmental disruptor to C. riparius even at lower concentration and the short exposure time employed, emphasizing the strong impact of wildfires on aquatic systems.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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