Genomic analyses of gray fox lineages suggest ancient divergence and secondary contact in the southern Great Plains.

Autor:	Kierepka EM; North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.; Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States., Preckler-Quisquater S; Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States., Reding DM; Department of Biology, Luther College, Decorah, IA, United States., Piaggio AJ; USDA, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Wildlife Genetics Lab, Fort Collins, CO, United States., Riley SPD; National Park Service, Santa Monica Mountains National Recreation Area, Thousand Oaks, CA, United States.; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States., Sacks BN; Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.; Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Journal of heredity [J Hered] 2023 Apr 06; Vol. 114 (2), pp. 110-119.
DOI:	10.1093/jhered/esac060
Abstrakt:	The gray fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) lineage diverged from all other extant canids at their most basal node and is restricted to the Americas. Previous mitochondrial analysis from coastal populations identified deeply divergent (up to 1 Mya) eastern and western lineages that predate most intraspecific splits in carnivores. We conducted genotyping by sequencing and mitochondrial analysis on gray foxes sampled across North America to determine geographic concordance between nuclear and mitochondrial contact zones and divergence times. We also estimated the admixture within the contact zone between eastern and western gray foxes based on nuclear DNA. Both datasets confirmed that eastern and western lineages met in the southern Great Plains (i.e. Texas and Oklahoma), where they maintained high differentiation. Admixture was generally low, with the majority of admixed individuals carrying <10% ancestry from the other lineage. Divergence times confirmed a mid-Pleistocene split, similar to the mitochondrial estimates. Taken together, findings suggest gray fox lineages represent an ancient divergence event, far older than most intraspecific divergences in North American carnivores. Low admixture may reflect a relatively recent time since secondary contact (e.g. post-Pleistocene) or, alternatively, ecological or reproductive barriers between lineages. Though further research is needed to disentangle these factors, our genomic investigation suggests species-level divergence exists between eastern and western gray fox lineages. (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The American Genetic Association. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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