Cigarette pack size and consumption: a randomized cross-over trial.

Autor: Lee I; Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Blackwell AKM; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, UK., Hobson A; Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK., Wiggers D; School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada., Hammond D; School of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada., De-Loyde K; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, UK., Pilling MA; Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK., Hollands GJ; Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.; EPPI Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK., Munafò MR; School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, 12a Priory Road, Bristol, UK., Marteau TM; Behaviour and Health Research Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Addiction (Abingdon, England) [Addiction] 2023 Mar; Vol. 118 (3), pp. 489-499. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Nov 03.
DOI: 10.1111/add.16062
Abstrakt: Background and Aims: Smoking fewer cigarettes per day may increase the chances of stopping smoking. Capping the number of cigarettes per pack is a promising policy option, but the causal impact of such a change is unknown. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that lowering cigarette pack sizes from 25 to 20 reduces the number of cigarettes smoked.
Design: This randomized controlled cross-over trial had two 14-day intervention periods with an intervening 7-day period of usual behaviour. Participants purchased their own cigarettes. They were instructed to smoke their usual brand from either one of two sizes of pack in each of two 14-day intervention periods: (a) 25 cigarettes and (b) 20 cigarettes. Participants were randomized to the order in which they smoked from the two pack sizes (a-b; b-a).
Setting: Canada.
Participants: Participants were adult smokers who smoked from pack sizes of 25, recruited between July 2020 and June 2021. Of 252 randomized, 240 (95%) completed the study and 236 (94%) provided sufficient data for the primary analysis.
Measurements: Cigarettes smoked per participant per day.
Findings: Participants smoked fewer cigarettes per day from packs of 20 cigarettes [n = 234, mean = 15.7 standard deviation (SD) = 7.1] than from packs of 25 (n = 235, mean = 16.9, SD = 7.1). After adjusting for pre-specified covariates (baseline consumption and heaviness of smoking), modelling estimated that participants smoked 1.3 fewer cigarettes per day [95% confidence interval (CI) = -1.7 to -0.9], equivalent to 7.6% fewer (95% CI = -10.1 to -5.2%) from packs of 20 cigarettes.
Conclusions: Smoking from packs of 20 compared with 25 cigarettes reduced the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
(© 2022 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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