Endemicity of Coxiella burnetii infection among people and their livestock in pastoral communities in northern Kenya.

Autor:	Muema J; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health, Washington State University, USA., Nyamai M; Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health, Washington State University, USA.; Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Wheelhouse N; Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK., Njuguna J; Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Nairobi, Kenya., Jost C; United States Agency for International Development's Bureau for Humanitarian Assistance (USAID/BHA), Washington, DC, USA.; Global Health Support Initiative III, Social Solutions International, Washington DC, USA., Oyugi J; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Bukania Z; Center for Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya., Oboge H; Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health, Washington State University, USA., Ogoti B; Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Makori A; Washington State University Global Health Program - Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya.; Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya., Fernandez MDP; Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, USA., Omulo S; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health, Washington State University, USA.; Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, USA., Thumbi SM; Institute of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Animal Health, Washington State University, USA.; Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.; Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, USA.; South African Center for Epidemiological Modelling Analysis, South Africa.; Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, UK.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Heliyon [Heliyon] 2022 Oct 21; Vol. 8 (10), pp. e11133. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 21 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11133
Abstrakt:	Background: Coxiella burnetti can be transmitted to humans primarily through inhaling contaminated droplets released from infected animals or consumption of contaminated dairy products. Despite its zoonotic nature and the close association pastoralist communities have with their livestock, studies reporting simultaneous assessment of C. burnetti exposure and risk-factors among people and their livestock are scarce. Objective: This study therefore estimated the seroprevalence of Q-fever and associated risk factors of exposure in people and their livestock. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in pastoralist communities in Marsabit County in northern Kenya. A total of 1,074 women and 225 children were enrolled and provided blood samples for Q-fever testing. Additionally, 1,876 goats, 322 sheep and 189 camels from the same households were sampled. A structured questionnaire was administered to collect individual- and household/herd-level data. Indirect IgG ELISA kits were used to test the samples. Results: Household-level seropositivity was 13.2% [95% CI: 11.2-15.3]; differences in seropositivity levels among women and children were statistically insignificant ( p = 0.8531). Lactating women had higher odds of exposure, odds ratio (OR) = 2.4 [1.3-5.3], while the odds of exposure among children increased with age OR = 1.1 [1.0-1.1]. Herd-level seroprevalence was 83.7% [81.7-85.6]. Seropositivity among goats was 74.7% [72.7-76.7], while that among sheep and camels was 56.8% [51.2-62.3] and 38.6% [31.6-45.9], respectively. Goats and sheep had a higher risk of exposure OR = 5.4 [3.7-7.3] and 2.6 [1.8-3.4], respectively relative to camels. There was no statistically significant association between Q-fever seropositivity and nutrition status in women, p = 0.900 and children, p = 1.000. We found no significant association between exposure in people and their livestock at household level (p = 0.724) despite high animal exposure levels, suggesting that Q-fever exposure in humans may be occurring at a scale larger than households. Conclusion: The one health approach used in this study revealed that Q-fever is endemic in this setting. Longitudinal studies of Q-fever burden and risk factors simultaneously assessed in human and animal populations as well as the socioeconomic impacts of the disease and further explore the role of environmental factors in Q-fever epidemiology are required. Such evidence may form the basis for designing Q-fever prevention and control strategies. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest. (© 2022 The Author(s).)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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