| Autor: |
Castillo NET; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico., Acosta YA; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnologico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote, Durango 34080, Mexico., Parra-Arroyo L; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico., Martínez-Prado MA; Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Tecnologico Nacional de México-Instituto Tecnológico de Durango, Blvd. Felipe Pescador 1830 Ote, Durango 34080, Mexico., Rivas-Galindo VM; Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 66455, Mexico., Iqbal HMN; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico., Bonaccorso AD; School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK., Melchor-Martínez EM; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.; School of Chemistry, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, St Andrews KY16 9ST, UK., Parra-Saldívar R; School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico.; Institute of Advanced Materials for Sustainable Manufacturing, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico. |
| Abstrakt: |
Hemileia vastatrix (HV) is the pathogen responsible for the coffee leaf rust (CLR) disease that has spread globally. CLR causes losses of up to a billion dollars annually and affects all types of crops regardless of their production regime (organic or inorganic). Additionally, smallholders produce approximately 80% of coffee in developing countries. The condition causes losses of up to a billion dollars annually. It affects all types of crops regardless of their production regime (organic or inorganic). Approximately 80% of coffee is produced by smallholders in developing countries. Until the 90s, shaded-production systems and native varieties were encouraged; however, the rapid spread of CLR has forced farmers to migrate towards inorganic schemes, mainly due to a lack of knowledge about natural alternatives to pesticides that can be implemented to control HV. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to compile the currently existing options, emphasizing two key factors that guarantee efficient rust control: selective fungicidal activity against HV and the nutrition of coffee crops. Thus, by comprehending how these natural compounds (such as plant, bacteria, fungi, animals, or algae metabolites) impact coffee rust proliferation. Furthermore, since a various range of biochar effects contributes to the control of foliar fungal pathogens through modification of root exudates, soil properties, and nutrient availability, which influence the growth of antagonist microorganisms, we present a review of the pathogen-suppressive effects of biochar, and new control strategies suitable for organic schemes can be developed. |
