| Autor: |
Helal MA; School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK.; Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt., Abdel-Gawad AM; Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt., Kandil OM; Department of Parasitology and Animal Diseases, Veterinary Research Institute, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt., Khalifa MME; Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt., Morrison AA; Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK., Bartley DJ; Disease Control, Moredun Research Institute, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Edinburgh EH26 0PZ, UK., Cave GWV; School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK., Elsheikha HM; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK. |
| Abstrakt: |
In this study, poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) particles were synthesized and coated with chitosan. Three essential oil (EO) components (eugenol, linalool, and geraniol) were entrapped inside these PLGA particles by using the continuous flow-focusing microfluidic method and a partially water-miscible solvent mixture (dichloromethane: acetone mixture (1:10)). Encapsulation of EO components in PLGA particles was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction, with encapsulation efficiencies 95.14%, 79.68%, and 71.34% and loading capacities 8.88%, 8.38%, and 5.65% in particles entrapped with eugenol, linalool, and geraniol, respectively. The EO components’ dissociation from the loaded particles exhibited an initial burst release in the first 8 h followed by a sustained release phase at significantly slower rates from the coated particles, extending beyond 5 days. The EO components encapsulated in chitosan coated particles up to 5 μg/mL were not cytotoxic to bovine gut cell line (FFKD-1-R) and had no adverse effect on cell growth and membrane integrity compared with free EO components or uncoated particles. Chitosan coated PLGA particles loaded with combined EO components (10 µg/mL) significantly inhibited the motility of the larval stage of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus axei by 76.9%, and completely inhibited the motility of adult worms (p < 0.05). This nematocidal effect was accompanied by considerable cuticular damage in the treated worms, reflecting a synergistic effect of the combined EO components and an additive effect of chitosan. These results show that encapsulation of EO components, with a potent anthelmintic activity, in chitosan coated PLGA particles improve the bioavailability and efficacy of EO components against ovine gastrointestinal nematodes. |
