| Autor: |
Méndez-Frausto G; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología y Terapéutica Experimental, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico., Godina-González S; Laboratorio de Biomarcadores, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico., Rivas-Santiago CE; CONACYT-Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico., Nungaray-Anguiano E; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología y Terapéutica Experimental, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico., Mendoza-Almanza G; CONACYT-Academic Unit of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico., Rivas-Santiago B; Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, IMSS, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico., Galván-Tejada CE; Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98000, Mexico., Gonzalez-Curiel IE; Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología y Terapéutica Experimental, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico. |
| Abstrakt: |
The aim of this study was to analyze molecules associated with regulatory immune response in unvaccinated, recovered COVID-19 patients with and without diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN). We determined anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG in plasma by electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The levels of sCD40, TGF-ß, IL-10, and sCTLA-4 were assessed by ELISA in the serum of the subjects, as well as in healthy donors. We observed that only half of the subjects in the non-comorbid group produced antibodies, whereas all subjects in comorbid groups were IgG-positive for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid. High levels of sCTL-4 were observed in the non-comorbid group, and the level of IL-10 was observed to increase in seropositive subjects without comorbidities. TGF-ß concentration was similar in all groups studied. Finally, sCD40 decreased in the comorbid group. In conclusion, our results suggest that comorbidities such as DM and HTN alter the production of co-stimulatory inhibitory molecules sCTLA-4 and sCD40 in subjects recovering from mild COVID-19. The alterations observed here were independent of seropositivity, suggesting an effective humoral immune response against COVID-19 separate from the levels of co-stimulatory inhibitory molecules. |
