Tapwater Exposures, Effects Potential, and Residential Risk Management in Northern Plains Nations.

Autor:	Bradley PM; U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia, South Carolina 29210, United States., Romanok KM; U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States., Smalling KL; U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States., Focazio MJ; U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia 20192, United States., Charboneau R; Spirit Lake Tribe Office of Environmental Health, Fort Totten, North Dakota 58335, United States., George CM; Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States., Navas-Acien A; Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York 10032, United States., O'Leary M; Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Eagle Butte, South Dakota 57625, United States., Red Cloud R; Oglala Sioux Tribe Natural Resources Regulatory Agency, Pine Ridge, South Dakota 57770, United States., Zacher T; Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Eagle Butte, South Dakota 57625, United States., Breitmeyer SE; U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrenceville, New Jersey 08648, United States., Cardon MC; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States., Cuny CK; Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Eagle Butte, South Dakota 57625, United States., Ducheneaux G; Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Eagle Butte, South Dakota 57625, United States., Enright K; Missouri Breaks Industries Research Inc., Eagle Butte, South Dakota 57625, United States., Evans N; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States., Gray JL; U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado 80228-3742, United States., Harvey DE; Indian Health Service/HHS, Rockville, Maryland 20857, United States., Hladik ML; U.S. Geological Survey, Sacramento, California 95819, United States., Kanagy LK; U.S. Geological Survey, Lakewood, Colorado 80228-3742, United States., Loftin KA; U.S. Geological Survey, Lawrence, Kansas 66049, United States., McCleskey RB; U.S. Geological Survey, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States., Medlock-Kakaley EK; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States., Meppelink SM; U.S. Geological Survey, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States., Valder JF; U.S. Geological Survey, Rapid City, South Dakota 57702, United States., Weis CP; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences/NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20814, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	ACS ES&T water [ACS ES T Water] 2022 Oct 14; Vol. 2 (10), pp. 1772-1788. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 26.
DOI:	10.1021/acsestwater.2c00293
Abstrakt:	In the United States (US), private-supply tapwater (TW) is rarely monitored. This data gap undermines individual/community risk-management decision-making, leading to an increased probability of unrecognized contaminant exposures in rural and remote locations that rely on private wells. We assessed point-of-use (POU) TW in three northern plains Tribal Nations, where ongoing TW arsenic (As) interventions include expansion of small community water systems and POU adsorptive-media treatment for Strong Heart Water Study participants. Samples from 34 private-well and 22 public-supply sites were analyzed for 476 organics, 34 inorganics, and 3 in vitro bioactivities. 63 organics and 30 inorganics were detected. Arsenic, uranium (U), and lead (Pb) were detected in 54%, 43%, and 20% of samples, respectively. Concentrations equivalent to public-supply maximum contaminant level(s) (MCL) were exceeded only in untreated private-well samples (As 47%, U 3%). Precautionary health-based screening levels were exceeded frequently, due to inorganics in private supplies and chlorine-based disinfection byproducts in public supplies. The results indicate that simultaneous exposures to co-occurring TW contaminants are common, warranting consideration of expanded source, point-of-entry, or POU treatment(s). This study illustrates the importance of increased monitoring of private-well TW, employing a broad, environmentally informative analytical scope, to reduce the risks of unrecognized contaminant exposures. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest. (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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