A Review of the Association of Blue Food Coloring With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children.

Autor:	Rambler RM; Research, WellSpan Health, York, USA.; Biological Sciences, York College of Pennsylvania, York, USA., Rinehart E; Research, WellSpan Health, York, USA.; Biological Sciences, York College of Pennsylvania, York, USA., Boehmler W; Biological Sciences, York College of Pennsylvania, York, USA., Gait P; Medical School, St. George's University School of Medicine, True Blue, GRD., Moore J; Research, WellSpan Health, York, USA., Schlenker M; Research, WellSpan Health, York, USA., Kashyap R; Research, WellSpan Health, York, USA.; Research, Global Clinical Scholars Research Training, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Cureus [Cureus] 2022 Sep 16; Vol. 14 (9), pp. e29241. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 16 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.7759/cureus.29241
Abstrakt:	Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, also known as ADHD, is a neurodevelopmental disorder diagnosed in children. The exact cause of ADHD is not known, but, along with genetic factors, it is possible that environmental factors including toxins and diet may affect symptom severity. Of these dietary components, artificial food coloring (AFC), while approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), has been suspected to be associated with ADHD symptoms. Of the nine FDA-certified food colors, two are used for artificial blue coloring: Blue No. 1 and Blue No. 2. There is limited literature describing the possible role of blue AFC in causing symptoms of ADHD in children. This paper provides a review of the literature surrounding artificial food coloring and its ability to affect the neurodevelopment of children in a way that could increase the behavioral indicators of ADHD. To do this, search criteria were established using a combination of MeSH terms about blue AFCs and ADHD and were entered into PubMed, along with limits on article types and publication dates from January 2000 to June 2022. There was a total of 20 articles that met this search criterion. These articles were reviewed by authors, and the ones not relevant to the topic were excluded. In total, four studies were chosen to be included in this article. After reviewing the literature, it was found that restriction diets, specifically those excluding AFCs, may affect symptom severity. The source of these changes is not known, but possible mechanisms include AFCs causing nutritional deficiencies and allergic reactions or altering neurotransmitter levels. More research is necessary to describe the neurotoxicity of artificial blue dyes in humans. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2022, Rambler et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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