| Autor: |
Merrill BD; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Carter MM; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Olm MR; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Dahan D; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Tripathi S; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Spencer SP; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Yu B; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA., Jain S; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA., Neff N; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA., Jha AR; Genetic Heritage Group, Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE., Sonnenburg ED; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA., Sonnenburg JL; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA.; Center for Human Microbiome Studies, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA. |
| Abstrakt: |
The gut microbiome is a key modulator of immune and metabolic health. Human microbiome data is biased towards industrialized populations, providing limited understanding of the distinct and diverse non-industrialized microbiomes. Here, we performed ultra-deep metagenomic sequencing and strain cultivation on 351 fecal samples from the Hadza, hunter-gatherers in Tanzania, and comparative populations in Nepal and California. We recover 94,971 total genomes of bacteria, archaea, bacteriophages, and eukaryotes, 43% of which are absent from existing unified datasets. Analysis of in situ growth rates, genetic pN/pS signatures, high-resolution strain tracking, and 124 gut-resident species vanishing in industrialized populations reveals differentiating dynamics of the Hadza gut microbiome. Industrialized gut microbes are enriched in genes associated with oxidative stress, possibly a result of microbiome adaptation to inflammatory processes. This unparalleled view of the Hadza gut microbiome provides a valuable resource that expands our understanding of microbes capable of colonizing the human gut and clarifies the extensive perturbation brought on by the industrialized lifestyle. |
