Adenosine, Schizophrenia and Cancer: Does the Purinergic System Offer a Pathway to Treatment?

Autor:	Hamoud AR; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA., Bach K; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA., Kakrecha O; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA., Henkel N; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA., Wu X; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA., McCullumsmith RE; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.; Neurosciences Institute, ProMedica, Toledo, OH 43606, USA., O'Donovan SM; Department of Neurosciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	International journal of molecular sciences [Int J Mol Sci] 2022 Oct 05; Vol. 23 (19). Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 05.
DOI:	10.3390/ijms231911835
Abstrakt:	For over a century, a complex relationship between schizophrenia diagnosis and development of many cancers has been observed. Findings from epidemiological studies are mixed, with reports of increased, reduced, or no difference in cancer incidence in schizophrenia patients. However, as risk factors for cancer, including elevated smoking rates and substance abuse, are commonly associated with this patient population, it is surprising that cancer incidence is not higher. Various factors may account for the proposed reduction in cancer incidence rates including pathophysiological changes associated with disease. Perturbations of the adenosine system are hypothesized to contribute to the neurobiology of schizophrenia. Conversely, hyperfunction of the adenosine system is found in the tumor microenvironment in cancer and targeting the adenosine system therapeutically is a promising area of research in this disease. We outline the current biochemical and pharmacological evidence for hypofunction of the adenosine system in schizophrenia, and the role of increased adenosine metabolism in the tumor microenvironment. In the context of the relatively limited literature on this patient population, we discuss whether hypofunction of this system in schizophrenia, may counteract the immunosuppressive role of adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. We also highlight the importance of studies examining the adenosine system in this subset of patients for the potential insight they may offer into these complex disorders. Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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