A holistic assessment of the sources, prevalence, and distribution of bisphenol A and analogues in water, sediments, biota and plastic litter of the Ebro Delta (Spain).

Autor: Gil-Solsona R; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain., Castaño-Ortiz JM; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain., Muñoz-Mas R; GRECO, Institute of Aquatic Ecology, University of Girona, 17003, Girona, Catalonia, Spain., Insa S; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain., Farré M; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain., Ospina-Alvarez N; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Atlantic International Research Centre (AIR Centre), Terceira Island, Azores, Portugal., Santos LHMLM; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain., García-Pimentel M; Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO-CSIC), Murcia, Spain., Barceló D; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain; Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA) Severo Ochoa Excellence Centre, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain., Rodríguez-Mozaz S; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA-CERCA), 17003, Girona, Spain; University of Girona, Girona, Spain. Electronic address: srodriguez@icra.cat.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) [Environ Pollut] 2022 Dec 01; Vol. 314, pp. 120310. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 04.
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120310
Abstrakt: Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the main ubiquitous compounds released from plastics in the environment. This compound, considered an endocrine disruptor, poses a risk to aquatic wildlife and human population, being included in multiple environmental monitoring programmes. Following the regulations restricting BPA use in the last years, BPA-like chemicals have been produced and used as BPA substitutes. However, they are not commonly included in monitoring programs yet and their presence is thus misrepresented, despite showing similar endocrine disrupting potential. In this work, an analytical method for analysing bisphenol A and five of its analogues (Bisphenol S, B, F, AF and Tetrabromobisphenol A) is described, validated for water (riverine, sea and wastewater), sediment, and biota (fish and biofilm) and applied to monitor their presence in the Ebro River Delta (NE Spain). In addition, plastic litter was also collected to evaluate their role as potential source of bisphenols. All compounds except BPF were detected in the analysed samples. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were discarded as major sources of BPs into the natural aquatic environment, as no BPs were detected in treated effluents. Indeed, the high levels of BPs in the natural environment could be related with direct discharge of raw wastewater from small rural population nucleus. The analysis of riverine plastic leachates yielded 4 out of the 6 BPs analysed, strengthening the hypothesis that plastic debris are also a source of BPs in the natural environment. Whereas Bisphenol S and BPA were detected in water and, to a limited extent, in biota, less polar analogues (mainly BPAF and TBBPA) were not found in any of the water samples. Instead, these hydrophobic BPs were found in fish tissues and biofilm, pointing out plastics and microplastics as their possible vectors. Finally, biofilm demonstrated its potential as sentinel of chemical contamination in freshwater environment.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
(Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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