Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline.

Autor:	Hinchman CA; School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States., Cabral DF; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States., Ciesla M; Linus Health, Waltham, MA, United States., Flothmann M; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.; Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States., Nunez C; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States., Rice J; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States., Loewenstein DA; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States., Kitaigorodsky M; Center for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States., Cahalin LP; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United States., Rundek T; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.; Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States., Pascual-Leone A; Linus Health, Waltham, MA, United States.; Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.; Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Rosindale, MA, United States.; Deanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Rosindale, MA, United States.; Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain., Cattaneo G; Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain.; August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain., Gomes-Osman J; Linus Health, Waltham, MA, United States.; Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.; Evelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences [Front Rehabil Sci] 2022 Aug 02; Vol. 3, pp. 923141. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 02 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fresc.2022.923141
Abstrakt:	Background: With our aging population, many individuals are at risk of developing age-related cognitive decline. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to enhance cognitive performance in aging adults. This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance and cardiorespiratory fitness in sedentary aging adults at risk for cognitive decline. Methods: Fifty-two participants (age 62.9 ± 6.8, 76.9% female) engaged in eight weeks of moderate-to high-intensity exercise (19 in-person, 33 remotely). Global cognition was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, and the Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Fourth Edition. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured via heart rate recovery at minute 1 (HRR1) and 2 (HRR2), and exercise engagement (defined as percent of total exercise time spent in the prescribed heart rate zone). We measured pre and post changes using paired t -tests and mixed effects models, and investigated the association between cardiorespiratory and cognitive performance using multiple regression models. Cohen's d were calculated to estimate effect sizes. Results: Overall, 63.4 % of participants demonstrated high engagement (≥ 70% total exercise time spent in the prescribed heart rate zone). There were significant pre-post improvements in verbal fluency and verbal memory, and a significant decrement in working memory, but these were associated with small effect sizes (Cohen's d <0.5). Concerning cardiorespiratory fitness, there was a pre-to-post significant improvement in HRR1 ( p = 0.01, d = 0.30) and HRR2 ( p < 0.001, d = 0.50). Multiple regressions revealed significant associations between cardiorespiratory and cognitive performance, but all were associated with small effect sizes (Cohen's d < 0.5). Interestingly, there were significant between-group differences in exercise engagement (all p < 0.001), with remote participants demonstrating greater exercise engagement than in-person participants. Conclusion: Improvements in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness were observed after 8 weeks of moderate to high-intensity exercise in aging adults. These results suggest that committing to a regular exercise regimen, even for a brief two-month period, can promote improvements in both cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance, and that improvements are driven by exercise engagement. Competing Interests: Authors MC, AP-L, and JG-O were employed by Linus Health. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Hinchman, Cabral, Ciesla, Flothmann, Nunez, Rice, Loewenstein, Kitaigorodsky, Cahalin, Rundek, Pascual-Leone, Cattaneo and Gomes-Osman.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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