Depression and PTSD in the aftermath of strict COVID-19 lockdowns: a cross-sectional and longitudinal network analysis.

Autor: Chen S; Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA., Bi K; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China., Lyu S; Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA., Sun P; Department of Psychology, School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China., Bonanno GA; Department of Clinical and Counseling Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: European journal of psychotraumatology [Eur J Psychotraumatol] 2022 Sep 22; Vol. 13 (2), pp. 2115635. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 22 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2115635
Abstrakt: Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) are two highly comorbid psychological outcomes commonly studied in the context of stress and potential trauma. In Hubei, China, of which Wuhan is the capital, residents experienced unprecedented stringent lockdowns in the early months of 2020 when COVID-19 was first reported. The comorbidity between PTSD and MDD has been previously studied using network models, but often limited to cross-sectional data and analysis. Objectives: This study aims to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal network structures of MDD and PTSD symptoms using both undirected and directed methods. Methods: Using three types of network analysis - cross-sectional undirected network, longitudinal undirected network, and directed acyclic graph (DAG) - we examined the interrelationships between MDD and PTSD symptoms in a sample of Hubei residents assessed in April, June, August, and October 2020. We identified the most central symptoms, the most influential bridge symptoms, and causal links among symptoms. Results: In both cross-sessional and longitudinal networks, the most central depressive symptoms included sadness and depressed mood, whereas the most central PTSD symptoms changed from irritability and hypervigilance at the first wave to difficulty concentrating and avoidance of potential reminders at later waves. Bridge symptoms showed similarities and differences between cross-sessional and longitudinal networks with irritability/anger as the most influential bridge longitudinally. The DAG found feeling blue and intrusive thoughts the gateways to the emergence of other symptoms. Conclusions: Combining cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis, this study elucidated central and bridge symptoms and potential causal pathways among PTSD and depression symptoms. Clinical implications and limitations are discussed.
Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).
(© 2022 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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