Spatial distribution, water quality, human health risk assessment, and origin of heavy metals in groundwater and seawater around the ship-breaking area of Bangladesh.

Autor: Hasan AB; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh. fency.geology@gmail.com.; Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy (IMMM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Joypurhat, Bangladesh. fency.geology@gmail.com., Reza AHMS; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh., Siddique MAB; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh., Akbor MA; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh., Nahar A; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh., Hasan M; Institute of National Analytical Research and Service (INARS), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh., Zaman MN; Institute of Mining, Mineralogy and Metallurgy (IMMM), Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Joypurhat, Bangladesh., Hasan MI; Department of Geology and Mining, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh., Moniruzzaman M; Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, 1000, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Environmental science and pollution research international [Environ Sci Pollut Res Int] 2023 Feb; Vol. 30 (6), pp. 16210-16235. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Oct 01.
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23282-4
Abstrakt: The concentrations of eleven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, As, and Ag) were assessed in both groundwater and seawater collected from the ship-breaking industrial area of Bangladesh using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The investigation aimed to estimate the water quality and pollution level employing several indices, and its associated health risks for the first time in that area. This study found that Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Ni were higher in both groundwater and seawater compared with WHO standards. Based on the WQI (water quality index) and EWQI (entropy water quality index) classifications, the quality of most of the groundwater is extremely poor or unsuitable for drinking purposes. Furthermore, the HPI (heavy metal pollution index), HEI (heavy metal evaluation index), and CD (degree of contamination) values of most groundwater and all seawater samples exhibit a higher degree of pollution. In addition, the results of NI (Nemerow pollution index) come to an end that both groundwater and seawater in the study area are mostly polluted by Fe, Mn, Pb, Cr, and Cd. Although the HI (hazard quotient index) values of almost all studied heavy metals in both cases of adults and children are within the safe limit, the HI value of Cr for an adult is near the threshold limit and the maximum HI value of Cr for children exceeds this limit. The carcinogenic risk reveals that Cr, Pb, As, and Cd produce detrimental effects on local people through the direct ingestion of groundwater. The pollution source is identified using principal component analysis and a Pearson correlation matrix as being primarily anthropogenic and attributed to intensive ship-breaking activities or other industries in the area.
(© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Databáze: MEDLINE