Reconstructing the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in eastern Uganda through longitudinal serosurveillance in a malaria cohort.

Autor:	Briggs J; Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Takahashi S; Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Nayebare P; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda., Cuu G; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda., Rek J; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda., Zedi M; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda., Kizza T; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda., Arinaitwe E; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda., Nankabirwa JI; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.; Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda., Kamya M; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.; Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda., Jagannathan P; Department of Medicine, Stanford University.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University., Jacobson K; Department of Medicine, Stanford University., Rosenthal PJ; Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Dorsey G; Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Greenhouse B; Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA., Ssewanyana I; Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda.; Central Public Health Laboratories, Butabika, Uganda., Rodríguez-Barraquer I; Division of HIV, ID, and Global Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	MedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences [medRxiv] 2022 Sep 21. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 21.
DOI:	10.1101/2022.09.20.22280170
Abstrakt:	Importance: Estimating the true burden of SARS-CoV-2 infection has been difficult in sub-Saharan Africa due to asymptomatic infections and inadequate testing capacity. Antibody responses from serologic surveys can provide an estimate of SARS-CoV-2 exposure at the population level. Objective: To estimate SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, attack rates, and re-infection in eastern Uganda using serologic surveillance from 2020 to early 2022. Design: Plasma samples from participants in the Program for Resistance, Immunology, Surveillance, and Modeling of Malaria in Uganda (PRISM) Border Cohort were obtained at four sampling intervals: October-November 2020; March-April 2021; August-September 2021; and February-March 2022. Setting: Tororo and Busia districts, Uganda. Participants: 1,483 samples from 441 participants living in 76 households were tested. Each participant contributed up to 4 time points for SARS-CoV-2 serology, with almost half of all participants contributing at all 4 time points, and almost 90% contributing at 3 or 4 time points. Information on SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status was collected from participants, with the earliest reported vaccinations in the cohort occurring in May 2021. Main Outcomes and Measures: The main outcomes of this study were antibody responses to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as measured with a bead-based serologic assay. Individual-level outcomes were aggregated to population-level SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence, attack rates, and boosting rates. Estimates were weighted by the local age distribution based on census data. Results: By the end of the Delta wave and before widespread vaccination, nearly 70% of the study population had experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection. During the subsequent Omicron wave, 85% of unvaccinated, previously seronegative individuals were infected for the first time, and ~50% or more of unvaccinated, already seropositive individuals were likely re-infected, leading to an overall 96% seropositivity in this population. Our results suggest a lower probability of re-infection in individuals with higher pre-existing antibody levels. We found evidence of household clustering of SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion. We found no significant associations between SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion and gender, household size, or recent Plasmodium falciparum malaria exposure. Conclusions and Relevance: Findings from this study are consistent with very high infection rates and re-infection rates for SARS-CoV-2 in a rural population from eastern Uganda throughout the pandemic. Competing Interests: COMPETING INTERESTS The authors have no competing interests to declare.
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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