Financial Viability and Environmental Sustainability of Fecal Sludge Treatment with Pyrolysis Omni Processors.
| Autor: | Rowles LS; Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States., Morgan VL; Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States., Li Y; Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States., Zhang X; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States., Watabe S; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States., Stephen T; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States., Lohman HAC; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States., DeSouza D; Biomass Controls PBC, Woodstock, Connecticut 06281, United States., Hallowell J; Biomass Controls PBC, Woodstock, Connecticut 06281, United States., Cusick RD; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States., Guest JS; Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.; Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | ACS environmental Au [ACS Environ Au] 2022 Sep 21; Vol. 2 (5), pp. 455-466. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Jul 29. |
| DOI: | 10.1021/acsenvironau.2c00022 |
| Abstrakt: | Omni Processors (OPs) are community-scale systems for non-sewered fecal sludge treatment. These systems have demonstrated their capacity to treat excreta from tens of thousands of people using thermal treatment processes (e.g., pyrolysis), but their relative sustainability is unclear. In this study, QSDsan (an open-source Python package) was used to characterize the financial viability and environmental implications of fecal sludge treatment via pyrolysis-based OP technology treating mixed and source-separated human excreta and to elucidate the key drivers of system sustainability. Overall, the daily per capita cost for the treatment of mixed excreta (pit latrines) via the OP was estimated to be 0.05 [0.03-0.08] USD·cap -1 ·d -1 , while the treatment of source-separated excreta (from urine-diverting dry toilets) was estimated to have a per capita cost of 0.09 [0.08-0.14] USD·cap -1 ·d -1 . Operation and maintenance of the OP is a critical driver of total per capita cost, whereas the contribution from capital cost of the OP is much lower because it is distributed over a relatively large number of users (i.e., 12,000 people) for the system lifetime (i.e., 20 yr). The total emissions from the source-separated scenario were estimated to be 11 [8.3-23] kg CO Competing Interests: The authors declare the following competing financial interest(s): Derek DeSouza and Jeff Hallowell are employed by Biomass Controls, the company that produces the Biogenic Refinery. Jeff Hallowell holds several patents in relation to this system. (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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