Therapeutic Application of Lithium in Bipolar Disorders: A Brief Review.
| Autor: | Kamal ZM; Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Dhaka, BGD., Dutta S; Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rajkot, Rajkot, IND., Rahman S; School of Medicine, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown, BRB., Etando A; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eswatini Medical Christian University, Mbabane, SWZ., Hasan E; Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Dhaka, BGD., Nahar SN; Public Health, Save the Children Bangladesh, Dhaka, BGD., Wan Ahmad Fakuradzi WFS; Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Defence Health, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS., Sinha S; Physiology, Khulna City Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, BGD., Haque M; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS., Ahmad R; Department of Physiology, Medical College for Women and Hospital, Dhaka, BGD. |
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| Jazyk: | angličtina |
| Zdroj: | Cureus [Cureus] 2022 Sep 19; Vol. 14 (9), pp. e29332. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 19 (Print Publication: 2022). |
| DOI: | 10.7759/cureus.29332 |
| Abstrakt: | Bipolar affective disorder includes Bipolar Disease (BD) and Bipolar Spectrum Disorder (BSD). The prevalence of BSD, BD-I, BD-II, and subthreshold BD globally is estimated to be about 3.1%, 1.5%,0.03%, and 1.6%, respectively. BD is a multidimensional disease that exhibits a range of moods of mania, hypomania, and depression. The disease is chronic, complex, and fatal, with a high possibility of reappearance, infirmity, social incompetence, and felo-de-se. Managing emotional disruption, negative neuropsychology, physiology, and immunology is a challenge. This review focuses on therapeutic benefits, adverse drug reactions, and pharmacological intervention for BD and BSD, in particular lithium. Long-term management of BD with a single medication is ineffective and therefore, not recommended. It is advised to use multiple agents for treatment instead. Medications include mood stabilizers (lithium and anticonvulsants), atypical antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Along with medication provision, psychotherapy is of great significance for BD patients. The review was conducted on recent available scientific literature through the electronic database like Embase, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and PubMed using keywords like 'Bipolar Disease,' 'Bipolar Disease Therapeutics,' 'Bipolar Disease and Psychotherapy' to highlight the possible effective means of management of this disease of mood instability. Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. (Copyright © 2022, Kamal et al.) |
| Databáze: | MEDLINE |
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