Enhancing acute flaccid paralysis surveillance system towards polio eradication: reverse cold chain monitoring in Nigeria, 2017 to 2019.

Autor:	Abbott SL; African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria., Hamisu AW; World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria., Gidado S; African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria., Etapelong SG; World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria., Edukugho AA; African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria., Hassan IA; World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria., Mawashi KY; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria., Bukbuk DN; Polio Laboratory, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria., Baba M; Polio Laboratory, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria., Adekunle AJ; Polio Laboratory, University College Hospital Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria., Adamu US; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria., Damisa E; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria., Waziri NE; African Field Epidemiology Network, Abuja, Nigeria., Archer WR; Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia., Franka R; Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia., Wiesen E; Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia., Braka F; World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria., Bolu O; Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Nigeria Office, Abuja, Nigeria., Banda R; World Health Organization, Abuja, Nigeria., Shuaib F; National Primary Health Care Development Agency, Abuja, Nigeria.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	The Pan African medical journal [Pan Afr Med J] 2021 Nov 12; Vol. 40 (Suppl 1), pp. 7. Date of Electronic Publication: 2021 Nov 12 (Print Publication: 2021).
DOI:	10.11604/pamj.supp.2021.40.1.27534
Abstrakt:	Introduction: Highly sensitive acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is critical for detection of poliovirus circulation and documentation for polio-free certification. The reverse cold chain (RCC) is a system designed to maintain stool specimens in appropriate temperature for effective detection of poliovirus in the laboratory. We monitored the RCC of AFP surveillance in Nigeria to determine its effectiveness in maintaining viability of enterovirus. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2017 to December 2019. We included AFP cases from 151 Local Government Areas and monitored RCC of paired stool specimens from collection to arrival at laboratories. The national guideline recommends RCC temperature of +2 to +8°C and a non-polio enterovirus (NPENT) detection rate of ≥10%. We analyzed data with Epi Info 7, and presented results as frequencies and proportions, using Chi-square statistic to test for difference in enterovirus isolation. Results: Of the 1,042 tracked paired stool specimens, 1,038(99.6%) arrived at the laboratory within 72 hours of collection of second specimen, 824(79.1%) were maintained within recommended temperature range, and 271(26%) yielded enteroviruses: 200(73.8%) NPENT, 66(24.4%) Sabin, 3(1.1%) vaccine derived poliovirus type 2 and 2(0.7%) mixture of Sabin and NPENT. The NPENT and Sabin rates were 19.2% and 6.7% respectively. Twenty-five percent of 824 specimens maintained within recommended temperature range, compared with 29.8% of 218 specimens with temperature excursion yielded enteroviruses (P=0.175). Conclusion: the RCC of AFP surveillance system in the study area was optimal and effective in maintaining the viability of enteroviruses. It was unlikely that poliovirus transmission was missed during the intervention. (©Samuel Luka Abbott et al.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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