| Autor: |
Flores-Moreno BJ; Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico., Martínez-Andrade G; Academic Area of Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca Hidalgo 42000, Mexico., Klünder-Klünder M; Research Division, Mexico Children's Hospital Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.; Research Committee, Latin American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (LASPGHAN), Mexico City 06720, Mexico., Miranda-Lora AL; Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico., Beristain-Lujano B; Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico., Flores-Huerta S; Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico., Mendoza E; Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City 06600, Mexico., Mayorga-Lima A; Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico., Duque X; Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Pediatric Hospital, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Mexico City 06600, Mexico., Vilchis-Gil J; Epidemiological Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gomez, Ministry of Health (SSA), Mexico City 06720, Mexico.; Medicine Faculty, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 06320, Mexico. |
| Abstrakt: |
The identification and characterization of dietary patterns are tools that are used to assess associations between diet and health or disease conditions. In Mexico, studies have examined dietary patterns in children for breakfast or for the whole day, but not specifically for their school lunch. The aim was to describe dietary patterns identified in school lunch and their association with the nutritional status and metabolic parameters of schoolchildren. In this cross-sectional study on schoolchildren from four elementary schools of Mexico City, we recorded anthropometry measurements, a fasting blood sample was collected, and metabolic parameters were determined. We obtained information on the foods and beverages that children brought for their school lunch; estimated the caloric and nutritional content; and created food groups to obtain dietary patterns from the energy provided by those groups. Among the 350 schoolchildren (mean age, 7.9 ± 1.2 years) included, 24.9% and 21.7% presented having overweight and obesity, respectively. A total of 89.4% of schoolchildren brought the school lunch from home. Using the K-means method, the following four dietary patterns were identified: (1) sandwiches, tortas , and sweetened dairy products were consumed by 13.1% ( n = 46) of the schoolchildren; (2) sweet snacks were consumed by 50.3% ( n = 176); (3) sweetened dairy products were brought by 15.1% of the children ( n = 53); and (4) sandwiches and tortas were brought by 21.4% ( n = 75). These four patterns showed significant differences in terms of the caloric and nutritional contents ( p < 0.001). Energy sources in the identified patterns were primarily sugars (15.8-40%). No association was found between the anthropometric and metabolic parameters of children and the dietary patterns. No dietary pattern obtained from the school lunch could be considered as healthy, since all of them had high energy content, and a high percentage of the energy was from sugars from ultra-processed foods and beverages. |
