| Autor: |
Nowakowski A; Cervical Cancer Prevention Clinic, Central Coordinating Centre for Cervical Cancer Screening Program, Department of Cancer Prevention, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland, Poland. andrzejmnowakowski@poczta.onet.pl.; Obstetrics and Gynaecology Ward, District Specialist Hospital, Siedlce, Poland. andrzejmnowakowski@poczta.onet.pl., Jach R; Department of Endocrine Gynaecology, Collegium Medicum of the Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland., Szenborn L; Clinical Department of Paediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland, Wroclaw, Poland., Bidzinski M; Department of Oncological Gynaecology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland.; Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, Radom, Poland., Jackowska T; Department of Paediatrics, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, Poland., Kotarski J; Medical University in Lublin, Lublin, Poland., Mastalerz-Migas A; Chair and Department of Family Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland., Nitsch-Osuch A; Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland., Pinkas J; School of Public Health, Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education, Warsaw, Poland., Sawicki W; Chair and Department of Obstetrics, Women's Diseases and Oncological Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland., Sieroszewski P; 1st Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland, Poland., Stukan M; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Pomeranian Hospitals, Gdynia, Poland.; Division of Oncological Propaedeutics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland., Wysocki J; Observation and Infectious Diseases Department of the Specialist Mother and Child Healthcare Group in Poznan, Poland, Poland.; Chair and Department of Health Prophylaxis, Medical University of Poznan, Poland. |
| Abstrakt: |
Several hundred million people are infected with genital genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) annually in the world. The infections transmitted mainly through sexual routes are usually asymptomatic, but can lead to the development of cervical, vulvar, vaginal, anal, penile cancers, some head and neck cancers and genital warts (condylomas). The fraction HPV-related cancers range from nearly 100% in the case of cervical cancer to several/over a dozen percent in the case of other cancers and diseases. There are no effective drugs against HPV, but prophylactic HPV vaccines are available free of charge in immunization programmes in many countries around the world. In Poland, HPV vaccinations have so far been executed out on the pocket or in free-of-charge, local-governmental prevention programs, but the vaccination coverage of the target population does not exceed 10%. From November 2021, one of the vaccines is available with a 50% reimbursement, work is underway to reimburse the next ones, and the National Oncology Strategy assumes the implementation of the HPV immunization programmes and vaccination of 60% of the teen population by 2028. Three prophylactic HPV vaccines are registered. All of them are safe and their effectiveness in the prevention of diseases caused by vaccine genotypes reaches almost 100%, provided that full post-vaccination immunity is obtained before the contact with the virus. Girls aged 11-13 are the priority target cohort for HPV vaccination in Poland. The implementation of routine, free-of-charge HPV immunization in the Preventive Immunization Program (PIP) for all adolescents should be pursued. Persons over the age of 13 may also benefit from HPV vaccination and should be vaccinated according to product specifications. In addition to free access under the PIP, the key element for the success of the implementation of HPV vaccinations in Poland will be the education of medical personnel and parents of adolescents to be vaccinated. |
