Fish immune responses to natural infection with carp edema virus (Koi sleepy disease): An emerging fish disease in India.

Autor: Kushala KB; College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India., Nithin MS; College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India., Girisha SK; College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India. Electronic address: skgirisha@cofm.edu.in., Dheeraj SB; College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India., Sowndarya NS; College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India., Puneeth TG; College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India., Suresh T; College of Fisheries, Karnataka Veterinary, Animal and Fisheries Sciences University, Matsyanagar, Mangalore, 575002, Karnataka, India., Naveen Kumar BT; College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab, India. Electronic address: naveenkumar@gadvasu.in., Vinay TN; Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Central Institute of Brackishwater Aquaculture, MRC Nagar, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600028, India.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Fish & shellfish immunology [Fish Shellfish Immunol] 2022 Nov; Vol. 130, pp. 624-634. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.012
Abstrakt: Emerging pathogen, carp edema virus (CEV) causes koi sleepy disease (KSD) in Koi and common carp causing severe mortalities worldwide. In the present study, a total of 150 fish species belonging to eight different families were sampled from the ornamental fish retailers and farms, located in Karnataka, India. The OIE protocol viz., level-I, II and III diagnoses confirmed the infection of CEV in 10 koi fish. Interestingly, other fish species belonging to different fish family including cyprinidae family were negative to CEV. Further, CEV infection was confirmed by sequencing (partial 4a gene); it showed the similarity with that of CEV reported from India and Germany strains with similarity of 97.4-99.94% and belonged to genogroup IIa. TEM analysis of purified CEV, in vivo cohabitation and tissue infection experiments confirmed the CEV infection. In addition, viral load was significantly higher (10 6-7 copies) in koi collected from Dakshina Kannada than of Bengaluru (10 3-4 copies). To understand the host-pathogen interaction, different organs such as gill, kidney, liver and spleen from naturally (CEV) infected koi were used to study the immune gene responses by using eight innate and one adaptive immune response. Results indicated that TNF-α, RohTNF-α, iNOS, IFN-γ and IL-10, and catalyze β-2M of MHC class I pathway genes were upregulated in koi. Higher expression of immune genes during the CEV infection may have inhibited viral replication and mount an antigenic adaptive response. Similar to other viral infections, interferon-γ play an important role during poxvirus infections. Quantification of immune genes in infected fish will provide insights into the host responses and provide valuable information to devise intervention strategies to prevent and control disease due to CEV.
Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
(Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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