Anthropogenic litter on the macrotidal sandy beaches of the Amazon region.

Autor:	Lima AKDS; Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática (LEA), Núcleo de Maricultura (NUMAR), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus São Luís Maracanã, Maranhão, Brazil., Silva AC; Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática (LEA), Núcleo de Maricultura (NUMAR), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus São Luís Maracanã, Maranhão, Brazil., Pereira LF; Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática (LEA), Núcleo de Maricultura (NUMAR), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus São Luís Maracanã, Maranhão, Brazil., Bezerra CM; Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática (LEA), Núcleo de Maricultura (NUMAR), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus São Luís Maracanã, Maranhão, Brazil., Soares LS; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - PRODEMA/DEOLI, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, Maranhão, Brazil., Castro ACL; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - PRODEMA/DEOLI, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Dom Delgado, Maranhão, Brazil., Marinho YF; Curso de Engenharia de pesca, Centro de Ciências Humanas, Naturais, Saúde e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus Pinheiro, Maranhão, Brazil., Funo ICDSA; Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática (LEA), Núcleo de Maricultura (NUMAR), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus São Luís Maracanã, Maranhão, Brazil., Lourenço CB; Laboratório de Ecologia Aquática (LEA), Núcleo de Maricultura (NUMAR), Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão, Campus São Luís Maracanã, Maranhão, Brazil. Electronic address: caio.lourenco@ifma.edu.br.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Marine pollution bulletin [Mar Pollut Bull] 2022 Nov; Vol. 184, pp. 114124. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 18.
DOI:	10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114124
Abstrakt:	Coastal zones, which are strategic points of considerable importance to the tourism industry, are among the environments most affected by anthropogenic debris. Thus, it is crucial to monitor and implement management programs to provide immediate solutions. Here, we aimed to evaluate anthropogenic litter along 21 macrotidal sandy beaches in the Amazon region. Indices and multivariate statistical analyses were used to identify spatial patterns of pollution, as well as sources and lifetime of the items. A total of 20,286 items were collected, with an average density of 0.19 items/m 2 and a predominance of plastics. Litter was associated with tourist and recreational activities. The lifetime of most items was <1 year. All beaches had intermediate levels of pollution. The analyses identified varying patterns of anthropogenic litter related to the cleaning frequency and waste item typologies. In conclusion, pollution of macrotidal beaches in the Amazon region is an emerging problem that requires measures to prevent and mitigate the impacts on this ecosystem and to reconsider the form of production and consumption of plastic waste. Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no competing interests. (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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