Stem cell genes in atheromatosis: The role of Klotho, HIF1α, OCT4, and BMP4.

Autor: Mylonas KS; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece.; Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Karangelis D; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece., Androutsopoulou V; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece., Chalikias G; Cardiology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece., Tziakas D; Cardiology Department, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece., Mikroulis D; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece., Iliopoulos DC; Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research 'N.S. Christeas', School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.; Fourth Department of Cardiac Surgery, HYGEIA Hospital, Athens, Greece., Nikiteas N; Second Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece., Schizas D; First Department of Surgery, Laiko General Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: IUBMB life [IUBMB Life] 2022 Oct; Vol. 74 (10), pp. 1003-1011. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 17.
DOI: 10.1002/iub.2667
Abstrakt: During fetal development, shear stress regulates several aspects of vascular development. Alterations in signaling pathways due to disturbed flow in atheroprone regions closely mirror phenomena seen during embryogenesis. This flow-dependent dysregulation of developmental genes appears to promote atherogenesis by mediating inflammatory phenomena, cell cycle progression, apoptosis, cell migration, and oxidative stress. Indeed, several stem cell genes have been implicated in vascular health and atheromatosis. Klotho is key in maintaining endothelial integrity, reducing oxidative stress, and sustaining endothelial nitric oxide production. In atherosclerotic lesions, OCT4 mediates the conversion of vascular smooth muscle cells from contractile to a de-dedifferentiated proliferative phenotype with phagocytic ability. HIF1α drives atherosclerotic plaque progression by promoting intraplaque angiogenesis. BMP4 promotes osteochondrogenic development and arterial calcification. Strategic extracellular matrix changes are also seen during the various phases of atherosclerosis. The aforementioned conceptual framework explains how proatherogenic inflammation develops in response to low shear stress. In the present review, we explored the effect of cardinal atheroprotective (Klotho, OCT4) and proatherogenic (HIF1α, BMP4) genes in mediating proatherogenic inflammation.
(© 2022 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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