Increased extent of waterfowl grazing lengthens the recovery time of a colonizing seagrass ( Halophila ovalis ) with implications for seagrass resilience.

Autor:	O'Dea CM; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.; Department of Water and Environmental Regulation, Aquatic Science Branch, Joondalup, WA, Australia., Lavery PS; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia., Webster CL; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia., McMahon KM; Centre for Marine Ecosystems Research, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in plant science [Front Plant Sci] 2022 Aug 29; Vol. 13, pp. 947109. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 29 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fpls.2022.947109
Abstrakt:	Herbivore distributions and abundance are shifting because of climate change, leading to intensified grazing pressure on foundation species such as seagrasses. This, combined with rapidly increasing magnitudes of change in estuarine ecosystems, may affect seagrass resilience. While the overall resilience of seagrasses is generally well-studied, the timeframes of recovery has received comparatively little attention, particularly in temperate estuaries. We investigated how the recovery time (RT) of seagrass is affected by simulated grazing in a southwestern Australian estuary. Whilst excluding swans, we simulated different grazing intensities (25, 50, 75, and 100% removal from 1 m 2 plots) at four locations in the Swan-Canning Estuary, Western Australia during summer and tracked the recovery of seagrass over 3 months, using seagrass cover as the main measure of recovery. We found that seagrass recovered within 4-6 weeks from the lower grazing intensities (25 and 50%) and 7-19 weeks from the higher grazing intensities (75 and 100%) across the estuary. Increased grazing intensity led to not only longer recovery times (RTs), but also greater variability in the RT among experimental locations. The RT from the higher grazing intensities at one location in particular was more than double other locations. Seagrass recovery was through vegetative mechanisms and not through sexual reproduction. There was a significant grazing treatment effect on seagrass meadow characteristics, particularly belowground biomass which had not recovered 3 months following grazing. As the pressure of climate change on estuarine environments increases, these quantified RTs for seagrass provide a baseline for understanding grazing pressure as a singular disturbance. Future work can now examine how grazing and other potentially interacting pressures in our changing climate could impact seagrass recovery even further. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 O’Dea, Lavery, Webster and McMahon.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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