| Autor: |
Reilly SB; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. sreilly@ucsc.edu., Arifin U; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA 2Zoologisches Museum Hamburg, Leibniz-Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversitaetswandels, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany . user@example.com., Stubbs AL; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. user@example.com., Karin BR; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. user@example.com., Kaiser H; Department of Biology, Victor Valley College, Victorville, California 92395, USA; and Leibniz-Institut zur Analyse des Biodiversittswandels, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, 53113 Bonn, Germany. user@example.com., Frederick JH; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. user@example.com., Arida E; Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia, Gd. Widyasatwaloka Jl. Raya Jakarta-Bogor Km 46, Cibinong, Bogor 16911, West Java, Indonesia. user@example.com., Iskandar DT; School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, 10 Jalan Ganesha, Bandung 40132, Indonesia 6Basic Sciences Commission, Indonesian Academy of Sciences. 11, Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan Jakarta 10110. user@example.com., McGuire JA; Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. user@example.com. |
| Abstrakt: |
Frogs in the family Ranidae are diverse in Asia and are thought to have dispersed to the Sahul Shelf approximately 10 million years ago, where they radiated into more than a dozen species. Ranid species in the intervening oceanic islands of Wallacea, such as Hylarana florensis and H. elberti from the Lesser Sundas and H. moluccana from eastern Wallacea, are assumed to belong to the subgenus Papurana, yet this has not been confirmed with molecular data. We analyzed mitochondrial DNA of Hylarana species from five islands spanning the reported ranges of H. florensis and H. elberti and compared them to confirmed Papurana species and closely related subgenera within Hylarana. We find that the Lesser Sunda H. florensis and H. elberti form a clade that is sister to the rest of the Australo-Papuan Papurana assemblage. Species delimitation analyses and divergence time estimates suggest that populations of H. florensis on Lombok may be distinct from those on Flores at the species level. Likewise, populations of H. elberti on Sumba and Timor may be distinct from each other and from those on Wetar, tshe type locality of H. elberti. Samples from Babar Island thought to be members of H. elberti in fact belong to the wide-ranging H. daemeli, which occurs in northern Australia, across New Guinea, and on the neighboring island of Tanimbar. These results suggest that the Lesser Sundas may have served as a stepping-stone for colonization of the Sahul Shelf and that species diversity of Papurana frogs is underestimated in the Lesser Sundas. |
