Why haven't we solved the addiction crisis?

Autor: Blum K; Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA; Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Neurogenetic & Behavioral Institute, LLC, Austin, TX., USA; Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT., USA; Department of Psychiatry, Wright University Boonshoff School of Medicine, Dayton, OH, USA; Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172; India; Department of Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Bonita Springs, FL, USA. Electronic address: drd2gene@gmail.com., Bowirrat A; Department of Molecular Biology, Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel., Gomez LL; Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Neurogenetic & Behavioral Institute, LLC, Austin, TX., USA., Downs BW; Department of Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Bonita Springs, FL, USA., Bagchi D; Department of Nutrigenomic Research, Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Bonita Springs, FL, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Southern University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Houston, TX, USA., Barh D; Centre for Genomics and Applied Gene Technology, Institute of Integrative Omics and Applied Biotechnology (IIOAB), Nonakuri, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721172; India., Modestino EJ; Department of Psychology, Curry College, Milton, MA, USA., Baron D; Division of Addiction Research & Education, Center for Sports and Mental Health, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, USA., McLaughlin T; Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Neurogenetic & Behavioral Institute, LLC, Austin, TX., USA., Thanos P; Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Neuroimaging Laboratory on Addictions, Clinical Research Institute on Addictions, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biosciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA; Department of Psychology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY., USA., Ceccanti M; Alcohol Addiction Program, Latium Region Referral Center, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy., Elman I; Cambridge Health Alliance, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA., Badgaiyan RD; Department of Psychiatry, South Texas Veteran Health Care System, Audie L. Murphy Memorial VA Hospital, Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX., USA; Department of Psychiatry, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY., USA., Dennen C; Department of Family Medicine, Jefferson Health Northeast, Philadelphia, PA, USA., Gupta A; Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA., Braverman ER; Division of Nutrigenomics, The Kenneth Blum Neurogenetic & Behavioral Institute, LLC, Austin, TX., USA., Gold MS; Future Biologics, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, USA.
Jazyk: angličtina
Zdroj: Journal of the neurological sciences [J Neurol Sci] 2022 Nov 15; Vol. 442, pp. 120404. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Sep 02.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120404
Abstrakt: The current addiction crisis has destroyed a multitude of lives, leaving millions of fatalities worldwide in its wake. At the same time, various governmental agencies dedicated to solving this seemingly never-ending dilemma have not yet succeeded or delivered on their promises. We understand that addictive behavioral seeking is a multi-faceted neurobiological and spiritually complicated phenomenon. However, although the substitution replacement approach, especially to treat Opioid Use Disorder (OUD), has importance for harm reduction in the short term, it does not bring about a harm-free recovery or prevention. Instead, we propose a promising novel approach that uses genetic risk testing with induction of dopamine homeostasis and an objective Brain Health Check during youth. Our model involves a six-hit approach known as the "Reward Dysregulation Syndrome Solution System," which can identify addiction risk and target the root cause of addiction, dopamine dysregulation. While we applaud all past sophisticated neurogenetic and neuropharmacological research, our opinion is that in the long term, addiction scientists and clinicians might characterize preaddiction using tests; for example, administering the validated RDSQuestionarre29, genetic risk assessment, a modified brain health check, or diagnostic framing of mild to moderate Substance Use Disorder (SUD). The preaddiction concept could incentivize the development of interventions to prevent addiction from developing in the first place and target and treat neurotransmitter imbalances and other early indications of addiction. WC 222.
Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest KB owns the patents and pending related to GARS and KB220 variants. There are no other conflicts.
(Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
Databáze: MEDLINE
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