| Autor: |
Sabbagh HJ; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia., Abdelaziz W; Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt., Alghamdi W; Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia., Quritum M; Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt., AlKhateeb NA; Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia., Abourdan J; Medical Faculty, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34230, Turkey., Qureshi N; City Quay Dental Practice and Implant Centre, Dundee DD1 3JA, UK., Qureshi S; Department of Education, University of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India., Hamoud AHN; Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt., Mahmoud N; Faculty of Dentistry, National Ribat University, Khartoum 1111, Sudan., Odeh R; College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates., Al-Khanati NM; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Syrian Private University, Damascus 368, Syria., Jaber R; General Courses, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia., Balkhoyor AL; Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia., Shabi M; University of Jeddah, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia., Folayan MO; Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria., Alade O; Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria., Gomaa N; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada., Alnahdi R; Department of Dental Surgery, Oman Dental College, Muscat 116, Oman., Mahmoud NA; Institute of Creative Art and Design (ICAD), Kuala Lumpur Campus, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia., El Wazziki H; Department of Cereal Plant Pathology, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Rabat 10090, Morocco., Alnaas M; Division of Imaging Science and Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK., Samodien B; Western Cape Education Department, Cape Town 8001, South Africa., Mahmoud RA; Musculoskeletal Center, International Medical Center, Jeddah 21451, Saudi Arabia., Abu Assab N; Schools of Awqaf, Directorate of Education, Jerusalem, Israel., Saad S; Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden., Alhachim SG; Health Education Services, Ingham County, Lansing, MI 48933, USA., El Tantawi M; Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21561, Egypt. |
| Abstrakt: |
(1) Background: Adolescents-and-young-adults (AYA) are prone to anxiety. This study assessed AYA's level of anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic; and determined if anxiety levels were associated with country-income and region, socio-demographic profile and medical history of individuals. (2) Methods: A survey collected data from participants in 25 countries. Dependent-variables included general-anxiety level, and independent-variables included medical problems, COVID-19 infection, age, sex, education, and country-income-level and region. A multilevel-multinomial-logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the association between dependent, and independent-variables. (3) Results: Of the 6989 respondents, 2964 (42.4%) had normal-anxiety, and 2621 (37.5%), 900 (12.9%) and 504 (7.2%) had mild, moderate and severe-anxiety, respectively. Participants from the African region (AFR) had lower odds of mild, moderate and severe than normal-anxiety compared to those from the Eastern-Mediterranean-region (EMR). Also, participants from lower-middle-income-countries (LMICs) had higher odds of mild and moderate than normal-anxiety compared to those from low-income-countries (LICs). Females, older-adolescents, with medical-problems, suspected-but-not-tested-for-COVID-19, and those with friends/family-infected with COVID-19 had significantly greater odds of different anxiety-levels. (4) Conclusions: One-in-five AYA had moderate to severe-anxiety during the COVID-19-pandemic. There were differences in anxiety-levels among AYAs by region and income-level, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions based on nationally-identified priorities. |
