Factors and Predictors of Health Related Quality of Life of the General Population of Pakistan.

Autor:	Nasim A; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan., Haq NU; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan., Riaz S; Faculty of Pharmacy, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan., Khan SI; Department of Pharmacy, Mirpur University of Science and Technology, Mirpur, Pakistan., Khuda F; Department of Pharmacy, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan., Sipra MF; Department of Pathology, Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Tariq B; Department of Physiology, Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, Pakistan., Tahir M; Department of Pharmacy, Sardar Bahadur Khan Women University, Quetta, Pakistan., Saood M; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan., Yasmin R; Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan., Manzoor K; Faculty of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan., Zeeshan Danish M; Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Jazyk:	angličtina
Zdroj:	Frontiers in public health [Front Public Health] 2022 Aug 17; Vol. 10, pp. 819088. Date of Electronic Publication: 2022 Aug 17 (Print Publication: 2022).
DOI:	10.3389/fpubh.2022.819088
Abstrakt:	Background and Objective: The standards of living, improvement in public health, and medical care in Pakistan are increasing day by day, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) has been increasingly acknowledged in various patient's reported outcomes in Pakistan. However, a large-scale general population-based study on assessing HQRoL in Pakistan was not conducted. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate HRQoL for the general Pakistani population. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a population sample ( n = 16,672) was selected from all Pakistan provinces using a stratified sampling approach. The EQ-5D-3L tool was used to measure the HRQoL of the general population of Pakistan. The descriptive and inferential statistics have been done by using SPSS version 20. Results: Overall, 121 health states were reported in this study. EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS scores were 0.74 ± 0.32 and 0.75 ± 0.25, respectively. The percentage of people responding to any problems increased with age. Males have better health as compared to females in all age groups. All demographics were significantly associated ( P < 0.01) with the mean EQ5D index and VAS scores except residence ( p > 0.05). The regression model reported that age was the best predictor of the EQ-5D index scores after adjusting for the covariates (beta = 0.19; p < 0.001). This study provides Pakistani population HRQoL data measured by the EQ-5D tool, based on a national representative sample. Conclusion: The current study concluded that Age, City, Gender, Education, Occupation, Residence, and House occupancy are significantly affecting HRQOL. The socioeconomically deprived groups and females have inferior health status than more advantaged. The trends detected in high-income nations were usually similar to Pakistan. Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. (Copyright © 2022 Nasim, Haq, Riaz, Khan, Khuda, Sipra, Tariq, Tahir, Saood, Yasmin, Manzoor and Zeeshan Danish.)
Databáze:	MEDLINE
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